difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (C2)

Question 1

examples

Answer 1

pro-examples are bacteria and cynobacteria

eu- protocists, fungi, animals, plants

Question 2

size

Answer 2

pro -> average diameter=0.5-5um

eu -> avarage daimeter = 10-100um

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

pro -> genetic material is a circular doucle strand of DNA, nt surrounded by double-membrane nuclear envelope found in nucleoid region
eu -> most DNA associated with histone proteins to form chromosomes, surounded by double membrane, circular DNA present mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 4

organelles

Answer 4

pro -> few organelles, no double membrane bounded organelles

eu -> many organelles, presence of double membrane bounded organelles

Question 5

present of plasmid

Answer 5

pro-> present

eu-> absent

Question 6

cell division

Answer 6

pro-> no mitosis or meiosis, no spindle formation, uses binary fission for reproduction
eu-> mitosis, meiosis or both can occur, there is spindle formation

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

pro-> 70S ribosomes , free in cytoplasm

eu-> 80S ribosomes, free in cytoplasms and some are bounded to the rough ER

Question 8

cell wall

Answer 8

pro -> rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycan

eu-> cell wall of plants (cellulose), cell wall of fungi (chitin)

Question 9

cellular respiration

Answer 9

pro- mesosomes present and no mitochondria

eu -> mitochondria present and no mesosomes

Question 10

photosynthesis

Answer 10

pro-> some prokaryotes are autophototrophs, photosynthetic membranes are not stacked into grana, no chloroplast
eu -> chloroplast cotains grana

Question 11

flagella

Answer 11

pro-> flagella, if present contains flagellin and lack microtubules
eu-> flagella, if present, have 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 12

fixing of atmospheric nitrogen

Answer 12

pro-> have enzymes tht can fix atmospheric nitrogen for use in amino acid synthesis
eu -> no enzymes for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen