Functions & Assessment

Question 1

populations at risk

Answer 1

perfusion - high or low bp
endocrine - high or low glucose
infection - VRE
immunity - transplants/immunosuppressants
pharm - nephrotoxic drugs
social habits - cocaine, heroin
genetics - DM, HTN, polycystic kidney disease

Question 2

cognition assessment

Answer 2

ataxia
change in mental status
agitation
stupor
transient changes in memory/cognition

Question 3

homeostasis assessment

Answer 3

metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

what is a cause of ataxia?

Answer 4

ammonia = thick fluid between synapse = delay in transmission

Question 5

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

< bicarb excretion

> elimination via Lasix

Question 6

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

extreme potassium losses

Question 7

fluid & electrolyte imbalances

Answer 7

overload - edema, crackles, JVD
deficit - dry membranes, < BP, > HR

hyperkalemia - EKG changes - peaked T wave, chest pain, MI

hypokalemia - EKG pause, muscle twitching

Question 8

immunity assessment

Answer 8

transplant
autoimmune disorders
prednisone

Question 9

metabolism/nutrition assessment

Answer 9

ADH - < bp triggers thirst

aldosterone - triggered by < Na & BP
- > fluid & pushes out K

Question 10

oxygenation assessment

Answer 10

SOB

• fluid overload - while lying or exertion
• anemia - all the time

Question 11

perfusion assessment

Answer 11

bp > w/ loss of function
anemia - no erythropoietin
ACE inhibitors, diuretics

Question 12

mobility assessment

Answer 12

osteoporosis - lack of vitamin D

Question 13

labs

Answer 13

BUN 8 - 21

creatinine 0.5 - 1.2 - best indicator of renal function

BUN:creatinine ration 10:1 - 20:1 - determines hydration - < ratio= > fluid

potassium 3.5 - 5.0

phosphorus 2.4 - 4.1

sodium 135 - 145

hemoglobin 12 - 18

hematocrit 36 - 54%

specific gravity - < SG = > urine concentration