Acute Renal Failure Flashcards
risk factors/categories
Pre-renal
Intra-renal
Post-renal
pre-renal
fluid volume deficit from periods of hypotension
- hemorrhage, dehydration
intra-renal
causes actual damage inside the kidney
- drugs, trauma, infection
post-renal
renal obstructions
- tumors, stones
most common type of ARF
acute tubular necrosis
phase 1
no symptoms - remove the cause
phase 2
“overload state”
decrease in renal function
phase 3
fluid volume deficit
diuresis
phase 4
recovery
phase 1 & 2 assessment
< urinary output Kussmaul's respirations fluid overload hypocalcemia anemia
phase 1 & 2 labs/diagnostics
< GFR > BUN & creatinine > potassium < calcium > phosphate urinary sodium anatomical changes
phase 1 - pre-renal nursing interventions
fluid/blood volume replacement
strict I&O
phase 1 - intra-renal nursing interventions
withdraw toxins
check myoglobin levels
admin diuretics
phase 1 - post-renal nursing interventions
remove obstruction
phase 2 nursing interventions
strict I&O daily weights monitor labs closely Na & K restrictions EKG lower the metabolic rate - bed rest, infection prevention promote pulmonary function prevent skin breakdown
