Functions and Adaptations of Cells

Question 1

function of a nucleus

Answer 1

Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

Question 2

function of cytoplasm

Answer 2

Acts as the center for chemical processes to take place, controlled by enzymes

Question 3

function of cell membrane

Answer 3

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 4

function of mitochondria

Answer 4

Release energy by respiration

Question 5

function of ribisome

Answer 5

Carry out the process of protein synthesis

Question 6

function of cell wall

Answer 6

Strengthens the cell

Question 7

function of chloroplast

Answer 7

Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 8

function of permanent vacuole

Answer 8

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 9

definition of turgid

Answer 9

to keep cell enlarged and swollen with water

Question 10

function of bacterial flagellum

Answer 10

allows quicker movement

Question 11

function of plasma membrane

Answer 11

protect bacterium from surroundings and regulates movement of substances coming in and out

Question 12

function of capsule

Answer 12

protect cell from engulfment

Question 13

function of a nucleoid

Answer 13

To house DNA

Question 14

function and adaptation of a leaf cell

Answer 14

• absorbs light for photosynthesis

- lots of chloroplast and closely packed cells for efficient light absorption

Question 15

function and adaptation of a root hair cell

Answer 15

• absorbs water and minerals from soil

- long finger like structure and thin cells walls to maximise surface area and absorption efficiency

Question 16

function and adaptation of a sperm cell

Answer 16

• fertilise an egg cell

- head contains enzyme to penetrate the cell membrane and mitochondria for energy to swim

Question 17

function and adaptation of a red blood cell

Answer 17

• carry oxygen cells with haemoglobin

- outer membrane allows for easy diffusion through and high surface area to maximise absorption

Question 18

function and adaptation of a ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 18

• wafting egg cell

- villi increase surface area and large vacuoles to store nutrients

Question 19

function and adaptation of a nerve cell

Answer 19

• relay electrical signals
• covered in fatty layers (myelin sheathes) to keep signals on track
• long/thin to maximise speed of transmission

Question 20

function and adaptation of a white blood cell

Answer 20

• attack bacteria
• produce antibodies to kill pathogens
• irregular flowing cytoplasm to change shape and engulf bacteria

Question 21

why is bacteria a prokaryotic cell

Answer 21

prokaryotic cells are cells that don’t have a membrane bound nucleus and bacteria doesn’t have one

Question 22

main differences between prokaryote and a eukaryote cells

Answer 22

eukaryotes have a nucleus and other membrane structures like organelles where-as prokaryotes don’t