Enzymes Flashcards
whats an enzyme
a protein made up of a chain of amino acids which is a biological catalyst that breaks large molecules into smaller molecules
what do amylase/carbohydrase break down
starch into sugar
what do protease break down
what do protease break down
what do lipase break down
fats into fatty acids and glycerol
where are carbohydrates digested
mouth, stomach and small intestine
where are proteins digested
stomach and small intestine
how does the stomach help digestion
HCl acid helps break down food molecules and kills harmful micro organisms in food
where is fat digested and helped by
small intestine helped by bile
where is bile made
in the liver
what does bile do
breaks fat into small droplets for lipase to easily work on
breaks fat into small droplets for lipase to easily work on
they don’t get digested because their molecules are small enough to be absorbed by the body
what is special about fibre
it cant be broken down by enzymes so it is not absorbed
why is catalysis by enzymes important
because the reactions are quicker
where is amylase produced
salivary glands, pancreas and small inestine
where is protease produced
stomach, small intestine and pancreas
where is lipase produced
pancreas and small intestine
what does RNA polymerase do
separated the double helix structure of DNA and produces transcript RNA
what does enzyme specificity mean
what the enzyme specifically catalyzes with
a fatty substance is pink because it is an alkaline. explain why the colour disappears as lipase is added to it
lipase breaks down fats into fatty aids and glycerol. the acid is what neutralises the alkaline
how does temperature impact an enzymes functionality
- temperatures above or below the optimum temp begin to denature the enzyme and its active site
- as enzymes use their active site to break molecules down
- and their shape is specific to the molecule
- the denaturing of this decreases the efficiency and rate
how does pH impact an enzymes functionality
- a pH above or below the optimum pH denatures the enzyme
- because it weakens the peptide bonds between the amino acids that make the enzyme
- which alters its structure
- as the active site is crucial and specific to the molecule it catalyzes, denaturing of this decreases efficiency and rate
