Enzymes

Question 1

whats an enzyme

Answer 1

a protein made up of a chain of amino acids which is a biological catalyst that breaks large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 2

what do amylase/carbohydrase break down

Answer 2

starch into sugar

Question 3

what do protease break down

Answer 3

what do protease break down

Question 4

what do lipase break down

Answer 4

fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

where are carbohydrates digested

Answer 5

mouth, stomach and small intestine

Question 6

where are proteins digested

Answer 6

stomach and small intestine

Question 7

how does the stomach help digestion

Answer 7

HCl acid helps break down food molecules and kills harmful micro organisms in food

Question 8

where is fat digested and helped by

Answer 8

small intestine helped by bile

Question 9

where is bile made

Answer 9

in the liver

Question 10

what does bile do

Answer 10

breaks fat into small droplets for lipase to easily work on

Question 11

breaks fat into small droplets for lipase to easily work on

Answer 11

they don’t get digested because their molecules are small enough to be absorbed by the body

Question 12

what is special about fibre

Answer 12

it cant be broken down by enzymes so it is not absorbed

Question 13

why is catalysis by enzymes important

Answer 13

because the reactions are quicker

Question 14

where is amylase produced

Answer 14

salivary glands, pancreas and small inestine

Question 15

where is protease produced

Answer 15

stomach, small intestine and pancreas

Question 16

where is lipase produced

Answer 16

pancreas and small intestine

Question 17

what does RNA polymerase do

Answer 17

separated the double helix structure of DNA and produces transcript RNA

Question 18

what does enzyme specificity mean

Answer 18

what the enzyme specifically catalyzes with

Question 19

a fatty substance is pink because it is an alkaline. explain why the colour disappears as lipase is added to it

Answer 19

lipase breaks down fats into fatty aids and glycerol. the acid is what neutralises the alkaline

Question 20

how does temperature impact an enzymes functionality

Answer 20

• temperatures above or below the optimum temp begin to denature the enzyme and its active site
• as enzymes use their active site to break molecules down
• and their shape is specific to the molecule
• the denaturing of this decreases the efficiency and rate

Question 21

how does pH impact an enzymes functionality

Answer 21

• a pH above or below the optimum pH denatures the enzyme
• because it weakens the peptide bonds between the amino acids that make the enzyme
• which alters its structure
• as the active site is crucial and specific to the molecule it catalyzes, denaturing of this decreases efficiency and rate