Functions

Question 1

Explain the Function/ Process of Horizontal Cells

Answer 1

Dark = surround depol = gluta onto horiz cells = horiz cells depol = open Na chans = Ca comes in & causes AP = release of GABA onto center = more center cone hyperpolarization

Question 2

Cortical Layer 1

Answer 2

• Lots of synapses & dendrites
• No cell bodies
• No IDd fcn

Question 3

Cortical Layers 2/ 3

Answer 3

-Send & recieve axons to/ from other cortical areas (including opp hem)

Question 4

Cortical Layer 4

Answer 4

• Main input layer
• Receives thalamic axons terminate/ synapse
• High density of stellate neurons

Question 5

Cortical Layer 5

Answer 5

-Send axons to brainstem & spinal cord

Question 6

Cortical Layer 6

Answer 6

-Send axons to thalamus

Question 7

Ascending Auditory Pathways

Answer 7

Cochlea = spiral ganglion = auditory nerve = superior olive = MGN synapse = layer 4 of aud cortex in temporal lobe

Question 8

Vestibulo Ocular Reflex: Lateral Rectus

Answer 8

Semicircular canals = auditory nerve = synapse on medial vestibular nucleus = decussate = synapse in pons at abducens nucleus = LMN travel via abducens nerve = ACh release onto lateral rectus

Question 9

Vestibulo Ocular Reflex: Medial Rectus

Answer 9

Semicircular canals = auditory nerve = synapse on medial vestibular nucleus = decussate = synapse in pons at abducens nucleus = decussate at medial longitudinal fasciculus = synapse on oculomotor nucleus = LMN travel via oculomotor nerve = ACh release onto lateral rectus

Question 10

Corticobulbar Tract

Answer 10

Premotor cortex = cross at interal capsule = synapse in brain stem

Question 11

Corticospinal Tract: Lateral

Answer 11

Primary Motor Cortex = cross at internal capsule = pyramidal decussation in caudal medulla = ventral horn = distal

Question 12

Corticospinal Tract: Ventral

Answer 12

Primary Motor Cortex = cross at internal capsule = pyramidal decussation in caudal medulla = bilateral termination in medial part of ventral horn = controls both sides = proximal

Question 13

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 13

ACh is released and binds to post syn ligand receptors = chans let in Na (causes AP) = ACh is broken down into acetate & choline via acetylcholinesterase (floats around syn cleft) = acetate & cholin are then send back & taken in by reuptake pumps & repackaged & released again