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PNB 2XB3 > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

-Autoimmune: antibodies attack protein CNS myelin (oligodendrocytes) –Attack this protein b/c it’s similar to a previous invading virus

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2
Q

Gullain-Barre Syndrome

A

-Similar to MS, but in the PNS myelin (schwann cells) -Rare -Causes parasthesia, paralysis, loss of sensation

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3
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

-Ipsilateral loss of light touch -Contralateral loss of pain & temp

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4
Q

Emmetropia

A

-Normal Vision

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5
Q

Myopia

A

-Nearsighted -Eyeball is too long or cornea is too curved -Trouble seeing long distance

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6
Q

Hyperopia

A

-Farsighted -Eyeball is too short or cornea is too curved -Trouble seeing short distance

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7
Q

R/ L Monocular Blindness

A

-Severed optic nerve -Can’t see R/L eye

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8
Q

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

A

-Severed optic chiasm –Ie. tumor in thal under chiasm presses on axons & causes damage -Can’t see temporal visual field

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9
Q

R/ L Homonymous Hemianopsia

A

-Severed optic tract -Trouble w R/ L temporal & R/ L nasal visual field

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10
Q

R/ L Superior Quandrantanopsia

A

-Damaged axons in LGN where glutamate is released –Neurons in LGN send axons to occipital lobe in the cortex –Radiate & create topography -Damage to R/ L Superior quadrant of visual field

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11
Q

R/ L Homonymous Hemianopsia with Foveal Sparring

A

-Damage to optic radiations/ striate cortex -Foveal sparring b/c of their separate blood flow/ already have been processed

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12
Q

Strabismis

A

-Lazy eye -Binocular vision = affected -Foveas can’t focus on the same thing

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13
Q

Hearing Loss via Wax

A

-Is conductive -Wax build up -Difficulty hearing

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14
Q

Otitis Media

A

-Middle ear infection -Eustachian tube = shorter & +horizontal in children therefore they’re more infection prone

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15
Q

Otosclerosis

A

-Stapes fuses to the oval window -Stuck, can’t move

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16
Q

Occupational Deafness

A

-Over activation of hair cells causing HC death –Ie. someone in a band

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17
Q

Presbycusis

A

-Comes with age -Hair cells at the base of the cochlea die –Are high freq & die because when any sound comes into the ear, there is always activation of high freq hair cells

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18
Q

Antibiotic Ototoxicity

A

-Antibiotics kill hair cells w a high dosage -Antibiotics end in “icin”

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19
Q

Acoustic Neuroma/ Vestibular Schwannoma

A

-Tumor of schwann cells -Benign tumour that compress’ nerve fibres

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20
Q

Oscillopsia

A

-Bilateral loss of VOR -Causes apparent motion of objects & blurring of vision -Results when hair cells = destroyed by ototoxic medications (ie. streptomycin)

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21
Q

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

A

-Disloged otoconia from utricle enter posterior semicircular canal; causes dizziness in certain head positions

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22
Q

Positional Alcohol Nystagmus

A

-Alcohol enters cupula -Makes it lighter than endolymph (& therefore buoyany) -Deflects the cupula in certain head positions -Turning head activates horizontal canals = spinning

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23
Q

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

-Lou Gehrig’s disease -Death of LMNs & UMNs -Flaccid paralysis, areflexia, muscle atrophy

24
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

-Death of skeletal muscle; muscles don’t have normal structure & degenerate -X-linked recessive genetic mutation -Gene for a muscle cytoskeletal protein (dystrophin)

25
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

-Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle ACh receptors -Alpha motor neurons & muscle isn’t damaged -Normal life expectancy w treatment –AChE inhibitors

26
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

-Loss of stored memories

27
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

-Inability to form new memories

28
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

-Neurofibrillary tangles, Intracellular -Amyloid plaques, extracellular -Retrograde & anterograde amnesia -Affects memory, attention, language, thinking, personality -Genetic, autosomal dominant

29
Q

-Autoimmune: antibodies attack protein CNS myelin (oligodendrocytes) –Attack this protein b/c it’s similar to a previous invading virus

A

Multiple Sclerosis

30
Q

-Similar to MS, but in the PNS myelin (schwann cells) -Rare -Causes parasthesia, paralysis, loss of sensation

A

Gullain-Barre Syndrome

31
Q

-Ipsilateral loss of light touch -Contralateral loss of pain & temp

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

32
Q

-Normal Vision

A

Emmetropia

33
Q

-Nearsighted -Eyeball is too long or cornea is too curved -Trouble seeing long distance

A

Myopia

34
Q

-Farsighted -Eyeball is too short or cornea is too curved -Trouble seeing short distance

A

Hyperopia

35
Q

-Severed optic nerve -Can’t see R/L eye

A

R/ L Monocular Blindness

36
Q

-Severed optic chiasm –Ie. tumor in thal under chiasm presses on axons & causes damage -Can’t see temporal visual field

A

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

37
Q

-Severed optic tract -Trouble w R/ L temporal & R/ L nasal visual field

A

R/ L Homonymous Hemianopsia

38
Q

-Damaged axons in LGN where glutamate is released –Neurons in LGN send axons to occipital lobe in the cortex –Radiate & create topography -Damage to R/ L Superior quadrant of visual field

A

R/ L Superior Quandrantanopsia

39
Q

-Damage to optic radiations/ striate cortex -Foveal sparring b/c of their separate blood flow/ already have been processed

A

R/ L Homonymous Hemianopsia with Foveal Sparring

40
Q

-Lazy eye -Binocular vision = affected -Foveas can’t focus on the same thing

A

Strabismis

41
Q

-Is conductive -Wax build up -Difficulty hearing

A

Hearing Loss via Wax

42
Q

-Middle ear infection -Eustachian tube = shorter & +horizontal in children therefore they’re more infection prone

A

Otitis Media

43
Q

-Stapes fuses to the oval window -Stuck, can’t move

A

Otosclerosis

44
Q

-Over activation of hair cells causing HC death –Ie. someone in a band

A

Occupational Deafness

45
Q

-Comes with age -Hair cells at the base of the cochlea die –Are high freq & die because when any sound comes into the ear, there is always activation of high freq hair cells

A

Presbycusis

46
Q

-Antibiotics kill hair cells w a high dosage -Antibiotics end in “icin”

A

Antibiotic Ototoxicity

47
Q

-Tumor of schwann cells -Benign tumour that compress’ nerve fibres

A

Acoustic Neuroma/ Vestibular Schwannoma

48
Q

-Bilateral loss of VOR -Causes apparent motion of objects & blurring of vision -Results when hair cells = destroyed by ototoxic medications (ie. streptomycin)

A

Oscillopsia

49
Q

-Disloged otoconia from utricle enter posterior semicircular canal; causes dizziness in certain head positions

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

50
Q

-Alcohol enters cupula -Makes it lighter than endolymph (& therefore buoyany) -Deflects the cupula in certain head positions -Turning head activates horizontal canals = spinning

A

Positional Alcohol Nystagmus

51
Q

-Lou Gehrig’s disease -Death of LMNs & UMNs -Flaccid paralysis, areflexia, muscle atrophy

A

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

52
Q

-Death of skeletal muscle; muscles don’t have normal structure & degenerate -X-linked recessive genetic mutation -Gene for a muscle cytoskeletal protein (dystrophin)

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

53
Q

-Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle ACh receptors -Alpha motor neurons & muscle isn’t damaged -Normal life expectancy w treatment –AChE inhibitors

A

Myasthenia Gravis

54
Q

-Loss of stored memories

A

Retrograde Amnesia

55
Q

-Inability to form new memories

A

Anterograde Amnesia

56
Q

-Neurofibrillary tangles, Intracellular -Amyloid plaques, extracellular -Retrograde & anterograde amnesia -Affects memory, attention, language, thinking, personality -Genetic, autosomal dominant

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

PNB 2XB3 (13 decks)

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