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Voice Disorders > Functional Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Functional Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are functional voice disorders characterized by?

A

tension, hyperfunction, larynx “riding high”, anxiety

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2
Q

what percentage of functional voice disorders are dysphonia cases?

A

10%

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3
Q

do functional voice disorders occur predominantly in men or women? why?

A

women; they carry more stress

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4
Q

what are functional voice disorders caused by?

A

URI, stressful/traumatic event, psychosocial (mood, anxiety, adjustment), organic, idiopathic

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5
Q

is there any structural pathology present in functional voice disorders?

A

NO. Unless an organic disorder develops

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6
Q

what are the classifications of etiologies for functional voice disorders?

A

psychogenic: caused by underlying psychological factors
misuse/abuse: caused by hyperfunction
idiopathic
organic: compensatory hyperfunction as a result of organic pathology

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7
Q

what is hyperfunction?

A

excessive overuse of the muscles

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8
Q

which is the biggest cartilage?

A

thyroid

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9
Q

what are examples of misuse/abuse?

A

excessive throat clearing, excessive/inappropriate singing/performing
MTD: muscle tension dysphonia

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10
Q

what does “riding high” mean?

A

thyroid cartilage is higher than it should be; should be around the middle of the neck
-the larynx goes up with increase use because the muscles that suspend the larynx are shortening, and tightening bringing the larynx up

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11
Q

what are the functional voice disorders?

A

puperphonia/falsetto
functional aphonia
functional dysphonia
paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM_

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12
Q

what is MTD?

A

muscle tension dysphonia where there is increase muscle tension, ventricular compression/phonation, anterior-posterior press

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13
Q

what is puperphonia?

A

a medical term for a male that has a higher fundamental frequency; there is a pitch control disorder (pitch too high, pitch breaks)

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14
Q

when does this occur and why?

A

during puberty because some males are afraid of the deeper voice that occurs so they hold the larynx high and tighten up preventing everything from maturing

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15
Q

is puperphonia due to an anatomical immaturity of the larynx?

A

no

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16
Q

how does puperphonia occur?

A

males keep their VF stretched the entire time in order to prevent that lower pitch; the inability to accept the normal maturation of the voice

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17
Q

what is functional aphonia?

A

whisper or shrill-sounding voice; without voice; pt usually comes in whispering; the voice comes in and out

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18
Q

why can whispering be damaging?

A

it increases muscle tension

19
Q

can functional aphonia be psychogenic?

A

yes; psychologically our bodies can cause the disorder by a reaction to a certain event

20
Q

how can we know if pts are faking aphonia?

A

would not be able to go from no voicing to complete voicing; can test this by asking pt to cough or clear throat

21
Q

what is part of the treatment for functional aphonia?

A

having the pt distinguish between normal voice and aphonic voice

22
Q

can functional aphonia be temporary or intermittent?

A

yes

23
Q

what percentage of the aphonia cases coexist with psychiatric disorders?

A

80% (other 20% are faking for worker’s comp)

24
Q

what is functional dysphonia?

A

excessive tension of the laryngeal/extralaryngeal muscles (neck, shoulder)

25
Q

is breathing normal in functional dysphonia?

A

no

26
Q

what kind of breathing occurs during functional dysphonia?

A

clavicular or chest breathing

27
Q

what are some symptoms of functional dysphonia?

A

increased vocal effort, vocal fatigue, hyperfunction (ventricular compression, ventricular phonation, anterior-posterior press)

28
Q

what causes the strained voice quality in functional dysphonia?

A

muscles tension doesn’t allow the VF to vibrate which causes stiff VF and extra muscle tension

29
Q

what is ventricular compression?

A

false vocal folds (ventricular folds) coming towards midline trying to compress

30
Q

what is an anterior-posterior press?

A

front and back of larynx pushing in

31
Q

what is laryngopharyngeal reflux?

A

acid reflux comes from stomach and gets passed lower esophageal sphincter, gets passed esophagus, pharynx, then gets to larynx and the first part it splashes onto is the larynx’ back, the larynx’ tender tissue burns, burns the upper (separates larynx from esophagus) and lower (right above the stomach) sphincters, can also eventually splash onto VF

32
Q

what is paradoxical vocal fold movement?

A

in normal breathing: when we breath in, the VF open. when the pt breathes in, the VF adduct; can completely close; air is trying to suck into very small safe

33
Q

what is the main etiology of PVFM?

A

psychogenic

34
Q

what are other etiologies of PVFM?

A

LPR (may not be a cause may just co-occur) and neurological

35
Q

what are symptoms of PVFM?

A

dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, chronic cough, may or may not have dysphonia

36
Q

can PVFM be exercise induced?

A

yes; once start playing sports, can be normal throughout the day

37
Q

what is PVFM frequently misdiagnosed as?

A

asthma

38
Q

how can you tell difference between PVFM and asthma?

A

strobing; in asthma the bronchioles close

39
Q

what is dyspnea?

A

shortness of breath

40
Q

what is an inspiratory stridor?

A

when the pts inspire, VF adduct and might creat difficulty breathing; the stridor is the wheeze-like noise made when trying to breath

41
Q

when can PVFM increase?

A

during stressful times

42
Q

is PVFM treatable with therapy?

A

yes

43
Q

can upper respiratory infection cause voice disorders?

A

yes

Voice Disorders (3 decks)

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