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Food Packaging > Functional Properties > Flashcards

Functional Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

The 4 main functions of packaging

A

Protection
Containment
Convenience
Communication

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2
Q

Packaging can protect food from: (6)

A 
oxygen
moisture
microbes (bio contaminants)
dirt (physical contaminants)
toxins (chem contaminants)
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3
Q

What is the purpose of ‘containment? (4)

A

prevent mixing (organize)
transportation
protect from damage
hold liquid foods

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4
Q

How do packages provide convenience?

A

easy open/close
portioning
disposable/reusable
microwaveable/heatable

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5
Q

What forms of communication does packaging provide? (5)

A 
nutrition info
price
ingredients
shelf life
storage conditions
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6
Q

Apart from functional requirements, modern-day packaging must also be:

A

visual appealing (help sell product; act as ‘silent salesman’)

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7
Q

Packaging requirements: (5)

A 
functionality
compatible with product
compatible with equipement/transport/retail
affordable
 legal requirements
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8
Q

The 3 categories of damage that can happen to food:

A

physical damage
chemical change
biological damage

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9
Q

Examples of physical damage: (4)

A

mechanical forces (impact, vibration, compression, abrasion)

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10
Q

What can trigger chemical changes causing deterioration: (4)

A

light
oxygen
moisture
temperature change

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11
Q

What are causes of biological damage?

A

microbes
pests
humans (stealing, tampering, adulteration)

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12
Q

Physical protection will protect the food from: (4)

A

physical damage
spillage
physical contaminants
moisture loss/gain

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13
Q

What chemical spoilage processes can occur? (6)

A 
lipid oxidation
enzymatic degradation
non-enzymatic browning
nutrient loss
color change
flavor change
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14
Q

advantage vs disadvantage of light in food?

A

good: help display contents
bad: damage (lipid oxidation, destroy vitamins, bleaching)

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15
Q

Describe the different effects of light on aluminum foil vs PVC

A

aluminum: block ALL light

PVC: absorb UV only

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16
Q

The package acts as a _____, controllling the entry/exit of things such as: (5)

A

barrier

light, gases, heat, moisture, microbes

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17
Q

Why is the appearance design of a package important?

A

To sell the product!

brand image/identification

communicate

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18
Q

What is a ‘brand?’

A

identifictaion; differentiates from other similar products

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19
Q

What is the importance of a ‘trademark?’

A

offers legal protection for the brand

20
Q

What are the components of brand image?

A

brand personality: set of values/characteristics of brand (to relate to consumer)

Equity: established trust in company or product

21
Q

What packaging aspects can influence consumer appeal (8)

A 
size/shape/value of material
easy open/reseal
storage requirements
attractiveness
instructions
gifts or promotions
recycling
point of purchase
22
Q

True/False: a successfully packaged product is targeting to ALL audiences

A

False: should target specific consumer

age/gender/education/income/ethnicity/beliefs/etc

23
Q

What needs to be considered when evaluating package compatibility with the product?

A

physical form of product (liquid/solid/paste/viscous, etc)

chemical nature of product (volatile/flammable/fragile/sterile/sensitive/etc)

24
Q

what considerations must be made for package compatilibity with transportation and retail? (6)

A 
transport method
transport/storage time
weight/size restrictions
legal requirements
point/method of sale
25
Q

What is important to consider for cost of packaging? (4)

A

cost of package materials/filling/transport

product value

size of market

shelf life

26
Q

What aspects of packaging have legal requirements to be considered? (7)

A 
product identification
nutrition label
health claims
contents
certifications
transport requirements
materials
27
Q

for package gas permeability, what are the specific factors of concern?

A

O2, CO2, N2, H2O

28
Q

Packaging protects against environmental factors, including:

A

light
odor
microbes
moisture

29
Q

What mechanical properties of packaging should be considered

A 
weight
elasticity
heat-sealability
meachanical sealability
strength (tensile, tear, impact, bursting)
30
Q

What are concerns about package reactivity with food?

A

grease (leaching)
acid (react with metal)
water
color

31
Q

packaging factors related to marketing:

A

printability
attractiveness
cost

32
Q

The ideal packaging characteristics: (9)

A 
sanitary
nontoxic
transparent (can see product)
lightweight
easy handling/storage
easy open/close
returnable/recyclable/reusable
safe
tamper-proof
33
Q

What are 2 new categories of functional packaging?

A

intelligent packaging

active packaging

34
Q

What is intelligent packaging?

A

sense & measure inner attributes of product

detect changes in safety/quality to notify consumer

35
Q

What is active packaging?

A

functional protective properties beyond just containment/passive protection

(ex: control moisture, antimicrobial, etc)

36
Q

2 major current concerns surrounding packaging:

A

environment (too much waste)

chemicals

37
Q

Food Packaging technology is closely tied to what scientific fields? (5)

A 
Materials 
Food
Information
Socio-economics
Environmental
38
Q

The 3 main components of the food package industry:

A
  1. suppliers (converters, machinery)
  2. fillers (make products to be packaged)
  3. services (design, marketing, testing)
39
Q

Packaging consists of multiple ____, with each fulfilling a specific purpose, and working in an _____ fashion

A

levels

integrated

40
Q

Levels of packaging systems: (4)

A

primary (direct contact with product)
secondary (holds primary)
shipping container (bundles packs)
Unit load (several containers grouped for transport)

41
Q

Coors company introduced what packaging system?

A

Loadmaster

Trays with interlocking divisions; product contained in layers (can remove trays when empty)

42
Q

large bundles such as shipping containers can be placed on:

A

pallets or dollies

43
Q

identify the different levels in a cookie packaging

A

primary: corrugated HDPE tray, PP overwrap
secondary: paperboard box
shipping: corrugated carton

unit load: pallet wrapped with PVDC

44
Q

identify different levels in potato packaging

A

primary: paper sack (multiwall, plastic window)
secondary: none
shipping: none
unit load: pallet of bags, stretch wrap (LDPE)

45
Q

Do all packaging systems have all the levels?

A

No

46
Q

Whate are commonly used packaging materials? (7)

A 
wood
cloth
paper
glass
metal
plastic
laminates
47
Q

New food packaging: (6)

A 
MAP
Vacuum cooking
Aseptic
Smart packaging
Nanotechnology
Renewable/Biodegradable

Food Packaging (11 decks)

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