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GI PATHOLOGY > Functional GI Disorders > Flashcards

Functional GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main categories of GI disease?

A

Structural

Functional

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2
Q

What differentiates functional vs structural GI pathologies?

A

Functional diseases not detectable, relate to gut function

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3
Q

How does non-ulcer dyspepsia present?

A 
Dyspeptic pain
Reflux
Low grade duodenal ulceration
Delayed gastric emptying
IBS
NO ULCER ENDOSCOPY
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4
Q

What is the H. pylori status in non-ulcer dyspepsia?

A

Varied, not necessarily negative

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5
Q

What must you be cautious of in dyspepsia patients?

A

Alarm symptoms

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6
Q

What are the alarm symptoms of dyspepsia?

A 
Weight Loss
Fe-deficiency anaemia
GI bleeding
Persistent vomiting
Difficulty Swallowing
Epigastric mass
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7
Q

What detail needs to be asked to a patient presenting with vomiting after eating?

A

The length of time after food

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8
Q

Vomiting immediately after eating is suggestive of what?

A

Psychogenic cause

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9
Q

Vomiting 1hr+ after eating is suggestive of what?

A

Pyloric obstruction

Motility disorders

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10
Q

Vomiting 12hrs+ after eating is suggestive of what?

A

Obstruction

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11
Q

What are the functional causes of vomiting?

A 
Drugs + Alcohol
Pregnancy
Migraine
Cyclical
Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome
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12
Q

How does Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome present?

A

Childhood onset

2-3 x year, 2-3 months

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13
Q

How does psychogenic vomiting present?

A

Young women
No preceding nausea
May be self induced
Often stops after admission

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14
Q

A negative FIT test suggests what?

A

Low likelihood of organic pathology

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15
Q

What tests should be performed on a patient presenting with motility changes and alarm symptoms?

A 
FBC, U+E
Glucose
Thyroid function
Coeliac serology
FIT testing
Sigmoidoscopy
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16
Q

What are the organic causes of constipation?

A 
Strictures 
Tumours
Diverticular disease
Proctitis
Anal fissure
17
Q

What are the functional causes of constipation?

A

Megacolon
Idiopathic
Depression
Psychosis

18
Q

What are the systemic causes of constipation?

A

Diabetes mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcaemia

19
Q

What are the neurogenic causes of constipation?

A

Parkinson’s
Strokes
MS
Spina bifida

20
Q

Symptoms of IBS

A

Nervous colon (unhelpful)

21
Q

Clinical features of IBS

A 
Abdominal pain
Altered bowel habit
Bloating
Flatus
Mucus
22
Q

What is IBS-C/D/M?

A

IBS altered bowel habit
C - constipation
D - diarrhoea
M - both (mixed)

23
Q

What investigations are made for an IBS patient?

A

Blood analysis
Stool culture
Calprotectin
FIT testing

24
Q

When is calprotectin released?

A

When gut mucosa is inflamed

25
Q

What is testing calprotectin levels used for?

A

Differentiating IBS from IBD

Monitoring IBD

26
Q

How is IBS diagnosed?

A

Compatible history

Normal physical examination

27
Q

How is IBS treated?

A 
Definitive diagnosis
Education and reassurance
Dietetic review
?FODMAP
?drug therapy
?psychological intervention
28
Q

What is the mechanism behind IBS?

A

Increased/decreased gut response to stimuli

Brain “hearing” the gut too loudly

GI PATHOLOGY (20 decks)

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