Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NOSS (CLB) > Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the brain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does the brain develop from?

A

The embryonic neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the primary functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • Initiation of voluntary movement
  • Sensory perception
  • Memory, integration and planning
  • Personality
    (Movement, memory, sense, self)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main functions of the thalamus?

A

Sensory input and outgoing commands
Regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

A

Controls homeostatic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

To help with breathing, circulation and vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

To help coordinate reflex responses to sight and sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Helps with proprioception, posture and coordination (+ balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

A

They exit in between the vertebrae in intervertebral foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The point at which the vertebral column stops ad the spinal cord keeps going.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do we see enlargements in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord?

A
  • This is where nerves to the limbs arise
  • From the brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are the nerves named in relation to the vertebrae?

A

Nerves exit cranial to their corresponding vertebrae until you reach the thoracic region at which point the nerves enter caudally to their corresponding vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are bundles of neurones called in the CNS?

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are bundles of neurones called in the PNS?

A

Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference in myelination between nerves in the CNS and in the PNS?

A
  • Axons in the PNS are myelinated by separate Schwann cells.
  • Axons in the CNS have arms of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes
16
Q

What is grey matter made of?

A

Neuronal cell bodies

17
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

Myelinated axons of neurones

18
Q

What is the name for clusters of cell bodies within white matter?

A

Nuclei

19
Q

What is the difference between tracts and nerves?

A
  • Nerves are bundles of axons outside the spinal cord
  • Tracts are bundles of axons inside the spinal cord
20
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A
  • Provide structural and functional support for the nervous system
  • Absorb excess neurotransmitters
  • Help to form the blood-brain barrier.
21
Q

What are microglia and what is their function?

A
  • They are specialised macrophages
  • They help to clear up foreign agents in the nervous system
22
Q

What are the 3 meninges helping to protect the brain?

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
23
Q

How does the blood-brain barrier protect the brain?

A

Tight junctions between the cells stop substances from passing between cells.

24
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

1) Cushioning impact
2) Buoyancy
3) Some nourishment

25
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

The system of cavities within the CNS.

26
Q

Where is CSF secreted from?

A

Secreted by ependymal cells and choroid plexus.

27
Q

Where does the CSF circulate through?

A
  • Circulates through brain ventricles, central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid space.
  • CSF is eventually reabsorbed into the blood.
28
Q

How does the brain get its blood supply?

A

Blood is pooled into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) before distribution to the brain

29
Q

What is different about dogs and horses in terms of their blood supply to the brain?

A

Dogs and horses supply their cerebral arterial circle via the carotid artery but in other species it comes from the external carotid - maxillary artery.

30
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

31
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

Cranial nerve, spinal nerves and ganglia.

32
Q

What are the alternative names for afferent and efferent nerves?

A
  • Afferents can be called sensory neurones or ascending neurones (when they run through the spinal cord)
  • Efferents can be called motor neurones or descending neurones (in spinal cord).
33
Q

What are special afferents associated with?

A

Special senses such as vision, hearing and balance.

34
Q

What is the difference between the somatic and visceral nervous system?

A

Somatic is the voluntary nervous system
Visceral is the involuntary nervous system

NOSS (CLB) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions