Functional Anatomy Flashcards
Weeks 1
What is the anatomical position?
The standard reference position used is from which all other movements occur.
Describe the anatomical position
It is assumed to be standing, both feet together, arms by side, and the head and eyes and palms of the hands facing forwards.
Define ‘anterior’
In front of the reference point of the structure
Define ‘posterior’
BEHIND the reference point of the structure
What are the five functions of the skeleton?
- Provide a framework and Shape
- Protect vital organs
- Attachment points for muscles
- Storing essential minerals
- Produces red blood cells
What vital organs does the skeleton protect?
- Skull protects the brain
- Ribs protect the heart, lungs and kidneys
- The spinal column protects the spinal cord
How and why does the skeleton provide attachment points for the muscles?
Irregularities on bone surfaces provide attachment points for muscles. When a muscle contracts, the bone it inserts into moves, acting as a lever to help create movement.
What essential materials does the skeleton store?
Calcium and phosphorous which contribute to the health and maintenance of bone tissue.
What does the skeleton produce?
Produces red blood cells (RBC’s) in the bone marrow, particularly during high growth years such as childhood and adolescence
What are the 5 types of bones?
- Flat
- Long
- Short
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
What is a flat bone?
These bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis), sternum and the rib cage.
What is the function of a flat bone?
To protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs.
What is an irregular bone?
Vary in shape and structure. Irregular bones protect nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord), and afford multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum).
What is a long bone?
The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide. Long bones function to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement
What is the function of a long bone?
Long bones, especially the femur and tibia, are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility.
What is a short bone?
Short bones are about as long as they are wide. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement.
Provide an example of a short bone
Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand.
What is a sesamoid bone?
A small independent bone or bony nodule develops in a tendon where it passes over an angular structure, typically in the hands and feet.
What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
The kneecap is a particularly large sesamoid bone
