11 GPES - Respiratory & Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
- Ventilation
- External Respiration
- Internal Respiration
- Sound Production
What is ventilation?
This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
It involves inhalation and exhalation, allowing the exchange of gases.
What is external respiration?
This refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.
What happens during external respiration?
Oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled.
What is internal respiration?
The exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues of the body.
What happens during internal respiration?
Oxygen from the blood moves into the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues moves into the blood to be transported back to the lungs.
What is sound production?
Speech occurs when air flows from the lungs, up the trachea and through the larynx. This causes the vocal cords to vibrate, creating sound.
What is the respiratory response to exercise?
- Increased heart rate
- Increased breathing rate
- Cardiac Output
- Stroke Volume
How does heart rate change during physical activity?
Heart rate increases to deliver more oxygenated blood to working muscles
Why does physical activity affect heart rate?
This is because muscles require more energy and oxygen during physical activity, the heart rate increases to pump more blood to the muscles
How does breathing rate change during physical activity?
A combination of both an increase in the number of breaths per minute and an increase in the depth of each breath.
Why does physical activity affect breathing rate?
Increases to meet the body’s higher oxygen demand and to remove more carbon dioxide produced by the muscles
How does cardiac output change during physical exercise?
Cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) significantly increases to meet the body’s higher oxygen demand
How is increased cardiac output achieved?
By raising both heart rate and stroke volume.
How does stroke volume change during physical exercise?
Increases to help deliver more oxygenated blood to the muscles, but can reach a plateau or even decline at very high intensitie
Why does stroke volume change during physical exercise?
Because the heart contracts more forcefully and fills with more blood, enhancing blood flow to meet the muscles’ increased oxygen demands.
Why does your body need to remove carbon dioxide more quickly when you exercise?
Because active muscles produce more CO2 as a waste product, maintaining a healthy balance of O2 and CO2 levels.
What is gas exchange?
The process by which oxygen from the air in the alveolus is transferred into the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide, a waste product, is transferred from the blood into the air to be exhaled.
Where does gas exchange take place?
Occurs in the lungs, specifically in the alveoli.
Why is gas exchange important?
This exchange is essential for providing oxygen to the body’s tissues and removing carbon dioxide to maintain proper pH balance.
What are the main functions of the circulatory system?
- Transportation of Gases
- Nutrient & Waste Transport
- Hormone Distribution
- Regulation of Body Temperature
- Immune Function
What is the transportation of gases?
The circulatory system transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.
What is nutrient and waste transportation?
It carries nutrients from the digestive system to the cells and removes waste products, such as urea, from the cells to be excreted by the kidneys.
What is hormone distribution?
The circulatory system transports hormones from glands to their target organs, helping regulate various physiological processes like growth, metabolism, and mood.
