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PE ATAR > Functional Anatomy > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomical Position?

A

Anatomical position is a standardized reference point used in the field of anatomy to describe the positions and relationships of body parts

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2
Q

Generally how many bones in the human body?

A

206

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3
Q

What is the difference between Posterior & Anterior reference points?

A

Posterior is Behind the reference point of the structure, while In front of the reference point of the structure

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4
Q

What reference point best describes the following?
“Below the reference point of the structure!

A

Inferior

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5
Q

What is the opposite of Medial

A

Lateral

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6
Q

What is Proximal?

A

Closer to the attachment point of a limb

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7
Q

What is Distal?

A

Further away from the attachment point of a limb

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8
Q

True Or False: Superficial is further away from the surface of a structure

A

False

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9
Q

Flexion of a joint is what?

A

Decreasing

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10
Q

What are the types of muscle fibre types

A
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
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11
Q

Explain which muscle fibre are non striated?

A

Only Smooth

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle & what colour are each?

A

Fast twitch = White
Slow twitch = Red

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13
Q

What is the difference between Axial & Appendicular Skeletons?

A

Axial skeleton is the basic central structure to support the remainder of the skeleton while, Appendicular skeleton is to assist with movement and includes the major limbs

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14
Q

List the vertebral column in ascending to descending order listing how many bones in each?

A
  • Cervical = 7
  • Thoracic = 12
  • Lumbar = 5
  • Sacral = 5
  • Coccyx = 4
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15
Q

Explain which sport are often associated with slow twitch fibres?

A

Endurance activities

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16
Q

List both types of fast twitch fibres

A

Type 2A & 2B

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17
Q

List all characteristics of the skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • Excitability
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
  • Contractibility
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18
Q

What are the Classification of Joints & describe them?

A
  • Fibrous = Non - Moveable
  • Cartilaginous = Slightly moveable
  • Synovial = Freely Moveable
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19
Q

List all 6 the synovial joints

A
  • Gliding Joints
  • Ball & Socket Joint
  • Hinge Joint
  • Saddle Joint
  • Pivot Joint
  • Condyloid Joint
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20
Q

Outline the difference between Origin & Insertion?

A

Origin is the attachment onto the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts. Insertion is
attached to the bone which moves more when the muscle contracts

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21
Q

Define the term “reciprocal inhibition”?

A

Describe the coordinated relaxing of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint

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22
Q

What is the Origin & Insertion of the Gastrocnemius?

A

Femur, Tarsals

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23
Q

What is the Origin & Insertion of the Soleus

A

Fibula or Tibia, Tarsal

24
Q

What is the Origin & Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus?

A

Pelvis, Femur

25
Q

What is the Origin & Insertion of the Quadriceps?

A

Femur or Pelvis, Tibia

26
Q

What is the Origin & Insertion of the Biceps?

A

Scapula, Ulna or Radius

27
Q

Explain the role of the Circulatory system?

A

Consists of several structures that work together to transport oxygen and nutrients around the body

28
Q

List all functions of the Circulatory System?

A
  • Circulate blood to body
  • Transport O2, water and nutrients to cells in the blood
  • Transport CO2 and wastes away from the cells
  • Maintain body temperature
  • White blood cells fight infection
29
Q

What are the structures of the heart?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood
  • Blood vessels
30
Q

Describe the heart & what it does?

A

Muscular pump which contracts continuously to drive
blood around the body through the blood vessels

31
Q

Explain the circulation of blood in the heart.

A
  • The Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body (via the Vena Cava) and pumps it to the lungs via the Right Ventricle (through the Pulmonary Artery) where it offloads the carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen.
  • This oxygenated blood then returns to the Left Atrium (via the Pulmonary Vein) and is pumped to the rest of the body by the Left Ventricle (via the Aorta)
32
Q

Explain the difference between the Systemic Circulation & the Pulmonary Circulation?

A

The Pulmonary Circulation Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again & the Systemic Circulation Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body (except lungs) and back again

33
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

34
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Tiny blood vessel which reach every cell of the body

35
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood towards the heart

36
Q

What is the blood’s function & how much do we have?

A
  1. Transport of nutrients and waste products
  2. Regulation of body’s temperature
  3. Protection of the body
    (5-7L)
37
Q

How much plasma is in blood?

A

55%

38
Q

How much Red Blood Cell is in blood?

A

45%

39
Q

How much White Blood Cell is in blood?

A

<1%

40
Q

How much platelets is in blood?

A

Very small amount

41
Q

List all the functions on the Respiratory System?

A
  1. Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the
    lungs
  2. Provide method of gaseous exchange within
    the lungs
    ⎯Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide
    exits
  3. Create speech as air passes over the vocal
    cords
  4. Facilitate sense of smell
  5. Expel heat and water vapor in the air
    breathed out
42
Q

The Respiratory System consists of 3 main sections what are they?

A
  1. Air passages
  2. Lungs
  3. Diaphragm
43
Q

Rearrange this air passage to fit in order.
Bronchioles, Larynx, Nasal cavity & mouth, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Pharynx.

A

Nasal cavity & mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

44
Q

What do lungs do?

A

Allow Gas exchange to occur at the site of the alveoli

45
Q

The diaphragm moves up and down, the size of the chest cavity changes, causing breathing is it striated or non striated, is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

Smooth, involuntary

46
Q

Inspiration is?

A

Breathing in, Volume of lungs increases, External intercostal muscles contract & internal intercostal muscles relax to lift rib cage up and the diaphragm contracts to become flatter

47
Q

Expiration is?

A

Breathing in, Volume of lungs decreases, External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract to lower rib cage and diaphragm relaxes to become dome shaped

48
Q

endomorphic body type at least 3 characteristics

A

-soft body
-underdeveloped muscles
-round shaped
-over-developed digestive system

49
Q

endomorphic body type at least 3 traits

A

-love of food
-tolerant
-evenness of emotions
-love of comfort
-sociable
-good humoured
-relaxed
- need for affection

50
Q

mesomorph body type at least 3 characteristics

A

-hard, muscular body
-overly mature appearance
-rectangular shaped
-thick skin
-upright posture

51
Q

mesomorph body type at least 3 traits

A

-adventurous
-desire for power and dominance
-courageous
-indifference to what others think or want
-assertive, bold
-zest for physical activity
-competitive
-love of risk and chance

52
Q

ectormorph body type at least 3 characteristics

A

-thin
-flat chest
-delicate build
-young appearance
-tall
-lightly muscled
-stoop-shouldered
-large brain

53
Q

ectomorph body type at least 3 traits

A

-self-conscious
-preference for privacy
-introverted
-inhibited
-socially anxious
-artistic
-mentally intense
-emotionally restrained

54
Q

list all functions of the skeletal system

A

-Support
-Protect
-Red blood cell production
-Nutrients storage
-Frame for movement

55
Q

list all Functions of muscular system

A
  • Produce movement
    -Maintain essential bodily functions
    -Maintain posture
    -Stabilise joints
    -Generate heat

PE ATAR (11 decks)

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