Functional Anatomy Flashcards
Define Anatomical Position?
Anatomical position is a standardized reference point used in the field of anatomy to describe the positions and relationships of body parts
Generally how many bones in the human body?
206
What is the difference between Posterior & Anterior reference points?
Posterior is Behind the reference point of the structure, while In front of the reference point of the structure
What reference point best describes the following?
“Below the reference point of the structure!
Inferior
What is the opposite of Medial
Lateral
What is Proximal?
Closer to the attachment point of a limb
What is Distal?
Further away from the attachment point of a limb
True Or False: Superficial is further away from the surface of a structure
False
Flexion of a joint is what?
Decreasing
What are the types of muscle fibre types
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
Explain which muscle fibre are non striated?
Only Smooth
What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle & what colour are each?
Fast twitch = White
Slow twitch = Red
What is the difference between Axial & Appendicular Skeletons?
Axial skeleton is the basic central structure to support the remainder of the skeleton while, Appendicular skeleton is to assist with movement and includes the major limbs
List the vertebral column in ascending to descending order listing how many bones in each?
- Cervical = 7
- Thoracic = 12
- Lumbar = 5
- Sacral = 5
- Coccyx = 4
Explain which sport are often associated with slow twitch fibres?
Endurance activities
List both types of fast twitch fibres
Type 2A & 2B
List all characteristics of the skeletal muscle tissue
- Excitability
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
- Contractibility
What are the Classification of Joints & describe them?
- Fibrous = Non - Moveable
- Cartilaginous = Slightly moveable
- Synovial = Freely Moveable
List all 6 the synovial joints
- Gliding Joints
- Ball & Socket Joint
- Hinge Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Pivot Joint
- Condyloid Joint
Outline the difference between Origin & Insertion?
Origin is the attachment onto the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts. Insertion is
attached to the bone which moves more when the muscle contracts
Define the term “reciprocal inhibition”?
Describe the coordinated relaxing of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint
What is the Origin & Insertion of the Gastrocnemius?
Femur, Tarsals
What is the Origin & Insertion of the Soleus
Fibula or Tibia, Tarsal
What is the Origin & Insertion of the Gluteus Maximus?
Pelvis, Femur
What is the Origin & Insertion of the Quadriceps?
Femur or Pelvis, Tibia
What is the Origin & Insertion of the Biceps?
Scapula, Ulna or Radius
Explain the role of the Circulatory system?
Consists of several structures that work together to transport oxygen and nutrients around the body
List all functions of the Circulatory System?
- Circulate blood to body
- Transport O2, water and nutrients to cells in the blood
- Transport CO2 and wastes away from the cells
- Maintain body temperature
- White blood cells fight infection
What are the structures of the heart?
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood vessels
Describe the heart & what it does?
Muscular pump which contracts continuously to drive
blood around the body through the blood vessels
Explain the circulation of blood in the heart.
- The Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body (via the Vena Cava) and pumps it to the lungs via the Right Ventricle (through the Pulmonary Artery) where it offloads the carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen.
- This oxygenated blood then returns to the Left Atrium (via the Pulmonary Vein) and is pumped to the rest of the body by the Left Ventricle (via the Aorta)
Explain the difference between the Systemic Circulation & the Pulmonary Circulation?
The Pulmonary Circulation Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again & the Systemic Circulation Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body (except lungs) and back again
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do capillaries do?
Tiny blood vessel which reach every cell of the body
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart
What is the blood’s function & how much do we have?
- Transport of nutrients and waste products
- Regulation of body’s temperature
- Protection of the body
(5-7L)
How much plasma is in blood?
55%
How much Red Blood Cell is in blood?
45%
How much White Blood Cell is in blood?
<1%
How much platelets is in blood?
Very small amount
List all the functions on the Respiratory System?
- Deliver oxygen from the atmosphere to the
lungs - Provide method of gaseous exchange within
the lungs
⎯Oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide
exits - Create speech as air passes over the vocal
cords - Facilitate sense of smell
- Expel heat and water vapor in the air
breathed out
The Respiratory System consists of 3 main sections what are they?
- Air passages
- Lungs
- Diaphragm
Rearrange this air passage to fit in order.
Bronchioles, Larynx, Nasal cavity & mouth, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Pharynx.
Nasal cavity & mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
What do lungs do?
Allow Gas exchange to occur at the site of the alveoli
The diaphragm moves up and down, the size of the chest cavity changes, causing breathing is it striated or non striated, is it voluntary or involuntary?
Smooth, involuntary
Inspiration is?
Breathing in, Volume of lungs increases, External intercostal muscles contract & internal intercostal muscles relax to lift rib cage up and the diaphragm contracts to become flatter
Expiration is?
Breathing in, Volume of lungs decreases, External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract to lower rib cage and diaphragm relaxes to become dome shaped
endomorphic body type at least 3 characteristics
-soft body
-underdeveloped muscles
-round shaped
-over-developed digestive system
endomorphic body type at least 3 traits
-love of food
-tolerant
-evenness of emotions
-love of comfort
-sociable
-good humoured
-relaxed
- need for affection
mesomorph body type at least 3 characteristics
-hard, muscular body
-overly mature appearance
-rectangular shaped
-thick skin
-upright posture
mesomorph body type at least 3 traits
-adventurous
-desire for power and dominance
-courageous
-indifference to what others think or want
-assertive, bold
-zest for physical activity
-competitive
-love of risk and chance
ectormorph body type at least 3 characteristics
-thin
-flat chest
-delicate build
-young appearance
-tall
-lightly muscled
-stoop-shouldered
-large brain
ectomorph body type at least 3 traits
-self-conscious
-preference for privacy
-introverted
-inhibited
-socially anxious
-artistic
-mentally intense
-emotionally restrained
list all functions of the skeletal system
-Support
-Protect
-Red blood cell production
-Nutrients storage
-Frame for movement
list all Functions of muscular system
- Produce movement
-Maintain essential bodily functions
-Maintain posture
-Stabilise joints
-Generate heat
