Exercise Physiology 2 Flashcards
List all 3 major long-term components of adaptations?
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Muscular
What are the 3 long-term Cardiovascular adaptions of components to training?
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood Vessels
Increased Volume of Haemoglobin is under which Cardiovascular adaptation?
Blood
What are the long-term structural adaptations to the respiratory system?
- Increased total lung volume & capacity
- Increased Tidal Volume
- Increased Diffusion
- Increased Membrane SA
True Or False: Increased Heart Rate is a long-term adaptation to Cardiovascular Training?
False
Explain how & why Increased Stroke Volume is a long-term Cardiovascular adaptation?
The increased size of the left ventricle means that more blood can be pumped throughout the body & to working muscles more quickly & efficiently, increasing stroke volume.
List at least 3 long-term adaptations to Muscular adaptations?
*Any of the following
-Increased muscle fibre size
- Increase size & number of mitochondria
- Increased myoglobin stores (in slow twitch fibres)
- Increased capillarisation
- Increased glycogen storage
- Increased stores of oxidative enzymes
- Increased oxidation of fats at sub-maximal exercise (glycogen sparing)
- Decreased myocardial oxygen cost
- Increased muscle fibre adaptation
Explain what Muscle Hypertrophy is?
Occurs when you stress a muscle in increases in size (hypertrophy) it occurs because of
List at least 3 long-term Respiratory Adaptations?
*Any of the following
- Increased total lung volume & vital capacity
- Increased Tidal Volume
- Increased Diffusion
- Increased Membrane Surface area
- Ventilation
- Increased Ventilatory Efficiency
- Maximum oxygen consumption
True Or False: Decreased Blood Pressure occurs under Blood Vessels?
True
Fill In the blank: Increased Capacity of the ATP-CP System is a *Blank
Non - Endurance Training Muscular Adaptation
What does Increased myocardial contractility mean?
When the increase of the left ventricle (due to long-term physiological adaptations) occurs this increases contractibility enabling the left ventricle to stretch more filling with more blood increasing contractibility.
What is Increased size of left ventricle a cause of?
Hypertrophy
What is this definition best associated with?
“The heart doesn’t have to work as hard to provide the
required O2 & nutrients to the muscles”.
Decreased Heart Rate during submaximal exercise and rest
How much more blood do highly trained athlete have?
20-25%
Choose the correct word: Increases in blood volume are associated with greater/lower amounts of haemoglobin, but
the haemoglobin concentration does not/does increase?
Greater & Does not
More efficient gas exchange results in what ventilation at rest and submaximal exercise?
Decrease or Reduced
Define Decreased myocardial oxygen cost
A reduced heart rate at rest and submaximal exercise results in the heart muscle not needing as much oxygen, therefore more oxygen can be sent to the working muscles
Define Increased oxidation of fats at sub-maximal exercise
Muscular adaptations result in an increase
in the capacity of muscle fibres to oxidise
fats
Cardiac Output increases at maximal workloads, which increases the delivery of what?
Oxygen
A sedentary male may have a resting heart rate of what?
Approx. 70-80 bpm
Cardiac output in trained athletes is significantly
higher due to what?
Increased amount of Stroke Volume
Explain how the dissipation of heat results in improved performance.
This improves performance, as the heat generated by energy metabolism is less detrimental to performance
During maximal exercise, the ventilation
of a trained athlete increases compared
to untrained individual explain why this is the case?
Because they are able to transport greater amounts of oxygen to the working muscles
