Exercise Physiology 2

Question 1

List all 3 major long-term components of adaptations?

Answer 1

• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Muscular

Question 2

What are the 3 long-term Cardiovascular adaptions of components to training?

Answer 2

• Heart
• Blood
• Blood Vessels

Question 3

Increased Volume of Haemoglobin is under which Cardiovascular adaptation?

Answer 3

Blood

Question 4

What are the long-term structural adaptations to the respiratory system?

Answer 4

• Increased total lung volume & capacity
• Increased Tidal Volume
• Increased Diffusion
• Increased Membrane SA

Question 5

True Or False: Increased Heart Rate is a long-term adaptation to Cardiovascular Training?

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Explain how & why Increased Stroke Volume is a long-term Cardiovascular adaptation?

Answer 6

The increased size of the left ventricle means that more blood can be pumped throughout the body & to working muscles more quickly & efficiently, increasing stroke volume.

Question 7

List at least 3 long-term adaptations to Muscular adaptations?

Answer 7

*Any of the following
-Increased muscle fibre size
- Increase size & number of mitochondria
- Increased myoglobin stores (in slow twitch fibres)
- Increased capillarisation
- Increased glycogen storage
- Increased stores of oxidative enzymes
- Increased oxidation of fats at sub-maximal exercise (glycogen sparing)
- Decreased myocardial oxygen cost
- Increased muscle fibre adaptation

Question 8

Explain what Muscle Hypertrophy is?

Answer 8

Occurs when you stress a muscle in increases in size (hypertrophy) it occurs because of

Question 9

List at least 3 long-term Respiratory Adaptations?

Answer 9

*Any of the following
- Increased total lung volume & vital capacity
- Increased Tidal Volume
- Increased Diffusion
- Increased Membrane Surface area
- Ventilation
- Increased Ventilatory Efficiency
- Maximum oxygen consumption

Question 10

True Or False: Decreased Blood Pressure occurs under Blood Vessels?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Fill In the blank: Increased Capacity of the ATP-CP System is a *Blank

Answer 11

Non - Endurance Training Muscular Adaptation

Question 12

What does Increased myocardial contractility mean?

Answer 12

When the increase of the left ventricle (due to long-term physiological adaptations) occurs this increases contractibility enabling the left ventricle to stretch more filling with more blood increasing contractibility.

Question 13

What is Increased size of left ventricle a cause of?

Answer 13

Hypertrophy

Question 14

What is this definition best associated with?
“The heart doesn’t have to work as hard to provide the
required O2 & nutrients to the muscles”.

Answer 14

Decreased Heart Rate during submaximal exercise and rest

Question 15

How much more blood do highly trained athlete have?

Answer 15

20-25%

Question 16

Choose the correct word: Increases in blood volume are associated with greater/lower amounts of haemoglobin, but
the haemoglobin concentration does not/does increase?

Answer 16

Greater & Does not

Question 17

More efficient gas exchange results in what ventilation at rest and submaximal exercise?

Answer 17

Decrease or Reduced

Question 18

Define Decreased myocardial oxygen cost

Answer 18

A reduced heart rate at rest and submaximal exercise results in the heart muscle not needing as much oxygen, therefore more oxygen can be sent to the working muscles

Question 19

Define Increased oxidation of fats at sub-maximal exercise

Answer 19

Muscular adaptations result in an increase
in the capacity of muscle fibres to oxidise
fats

Question 20

Cardiac Output increases at maximal workloads, which increases the delivery of what?

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

A sedentary male may have a resting heart rate of what?

Answer 21

Approx. 70-80 bpm

Question 22

Cardiac output in trained athletes is significantly
higher due to what?

Answer 22

Increased amount of Stroke Volume

Question 23

Explain how the dissipation of heat results in improved performance.

Answer 23

This improves performance, as the heat generated by energy metabolism is less detrimental to performance

Question 24

During maximal exercise, the ventilation
of a trained athlete increases compared
to untrained individual explain why this is the case?

Answer 24

Because they are able to transport greater amounts of oxygen to the working muscles