functional anatomy

Question 1

how many bones are in the human body

Answer 1

206

Question 2

what are the bones held together

Answer 2

tough fibrous bands called ligaments

Question 3

list 4 functions of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 3

• create movement
• protect vital organs
• circulate blood
• produce heat

Question 4

list 3 functions of the muscular system

Answer 4

• allow mobility
• circulate blood
• provide stability

Question 5

why do skeletal muscles pull on bones

Answer 5

create movement and give the body shape

Question 6

what are the skeletal muscles capable of

Answer 6

contracting or shortening, extending or lengthening

Question 7

what is the axial skeleton

Answer 7

all bones along the body’s vertical axis, they remain stationary

Question 8

what is the appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

all the bones attached to the axial skeleton, all of the limbs

Question 9

what is the sagittal plane

Answer 9

split the body into left and right

Question 10

what is the parasagittal plane

Answer 10

runs parallel to the sagittal plane. splits the body into uneven halves

Question 11

what is anterior and posterior

Answer 11

anterior - front view of the skeleton

posterior - back view of the skeleton

Question 12

what are the properties of a type 1 muscle fibre

Answer 12

red, slow twitch
aerobic pathway 
low contraction speed
endurance runners 
fuel source - triglycerides

Question 13

what are the properties of a type 2 muscle fibre

Answer 13

white, fast twitch
anaerobic ATP pathway
rapid contraction speed
sprinters 
fuel source - chemical fuel (creatine phosphate and glycogen)

Question 14

list 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 14

• allow movement
• blood cell reproduction
• store nutrients
• provide a framework
• protect vital organs

Question 15

what is an antagonist pair

Answer 15

two muscles that work together

Question 16

describe how an antagonist pair works

Answer 16

as a muscle contracts it pulls on a bone

Question 17

what happens when a muscle stops contracting

Answer 17

muscles will return to their original length in a state of contraction

Question 18

what happens once a muscle moves to contract a bone

Answer 18

another muscle must contract to return the bone to it’s original position

Question 19

what is the agonist and antagonist in a bicep curl

Answer 19

agonist - bicep

antagonist - tricep

Question 20

what is antagonist

Answer 20

the muscle moving with the opposite action

Question 21

what is the agonist

Answer 21

the muscle principally involved in producing movement

Question 22

what happens when u increase tension

Answer 22

certain muscles act to hold other joints in place to allow controlled movements at a particular joint - the stabiliser

Question 23

define insertion

Answer 23

the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts

Question 24

define origin

Answer 24

the attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction

Question 25

define stabiliser

Answer 25

when tension is increased, certain muscles act to hold together other joints in place to allow controlled movement at a particular joint to occur

Question 26

what do stabilisers do

Answer 26

steady the bone giving the origin to the antagonist so the insertion can move

Question 27

list 4 antagonist pairings

Answer 27

pectoral group - latissimus doors
hand and finger extensors - hand and finger flexors
quadriceps - hamstrings
trapezius - deltoids
biceps - triceps

Question 28

define elasticity

Answer 28

the ability to stretch muscles to reach their full range of movement without restriction

Question 29

define extensibility

Answer 29

the ability of a muscle to extend to a predetermined endpoint

Question 30

define excitability

Answer 30

the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neurone or hormone

Question 31

define flexibility

Answer 31

the ability of a joint or series to move through an unrestricted pain free range of motion