biomechanics

Question 1

what is biomechanics

Answer 1

the study of forces and their effect on humans in exercise and sport

Question 2

what is linear motion and provide an example

Answer 2

occurs when all points on the body move the same distance, in the same direction at the same time , 100m sprint

Question 3

what is angular motion and provide an example

Answer 3

when all points on a body or object move in circles about the same fixed central axis

Question 4

what is general motion and provide an example

Answer 4

a combination of linear and angular motions e.g. swimming freestyle

Question 5

define displacement

Answer 5

the distance between start and finish of motion. also has direction

Question 6

define speed

Answer 6

rate at which a body moves from one location to another. s = distance/time

Question 7

define velocity

Answer 7

speed in a given direction
v = displacement/time. has a direction

Question 8

define acceleration

Answer 8

is the rate which the velocity changed with respect for time

Question 9

define uniform acceleration

Answer 9

an object that is increasing its acceleration at a constant rate

Question 10

what is a trajectory

Answer 10

the path that a projectile follows through the air

Question 11

what is horizontal motion

Answer 11

the horizontal distance a body travels whilst in the air = range of the projectile

Question 12

what is vertical motion

Answer 12

the vertical motion imparted on an object at the moment of release

Question 13

what factors effect projectile range

Answer 13

velocity of release
angle of release
height of release

Question 14

what is velocity of release

Answer 14

the result of the horizontal velocity and vertical velocity upon release of the projectile.

Question 15

what is angle of release

Answer 15

determines the shape of the trajectory, usually between 0 and 90 degrees.

Question 16

what determines the angle of release

Answer 16

the activity/sport

Question 17

what is the greatest possible theoretical distance

Answer 17

45 degrees

Question 18

give two different sporting examples for the height of release

Answer 18

basketball - shooting above your head will be negative
shot-put - landing on flat ground the release will be positive

Question 19

what happens when you increase the height of release

Answer 19

greater flight time and greater flight distance if the velocity and the angle remain constant

Question 20

what factors affect the trajectory of a projectile

Answer 20

air resistance and spin

Question 21

what is angular distance

Answer 21

the total angle passed through the body

Question 22

what is angular displacement

Answer 22

angle passed through from initial and final position

Question 23

equation for angular speed

Answer 23

angular distance/time

Question 24

equation for angular velocity

Answer 24

angular displacement/time

Question 25

what is angular acceleration

Answer 25

the rate at which the angular velocity changes over time

Question 26

what is newtons first law of motion

Answer 26

a body at rest will remain at rest or constant speed until a force is acted upon it

Question 27

what is the law of inertia

Answer 27

the tendency of an object to resist angular motion

Question 28

how can you reduce inertia

Answer 28

decrease either the mass or radius of the object

Question 29

what is newtons second law of motion

Answer 29

force = m x a

Question 30

what is an impulse

Answer 30

a change in an objects momentum

Question 31

give an example of how to change an objects momentum

Answer 31

when your hands catch a ball, you are changing the momentum of the ball

Question 32

what is newtons third law

Answer 32

every action has an equal or opposite reaction

Question 33

give an example of newtons 3rd law

Answer 33

when you push against a wall, the wall will exert equal force back onto you

Question 34

what is force summation

Answer 34

the combination of forces produced by different parts of the body

Question 35

what is the purpose of force summation

Answer 35

achieve maximum force/acceleration and apply it to an object or the human body

Question 36

what are the two types of force summation

Answer 36

sequential, simultaneous

Question 37

how can simultaneous force summation be seen

Answer 37

when a sprinter explosively moves multiple body parts at the same time

Question 38

define simultaneous force summation

Answer 38

when body parts are moved at the same time to perform an action

Question 39

define sequential force summation

Answer 39

when body parts move in a sequence to produce the desired degree of force

Question 40

what are the 4 principles of sequential force summation

Answer 40

1. use as many body parts that relate to the movement as possible 2. body parts should move in a sequence - larger muscles move before smaller muscles 3. muscles need to be used with the correct timing 4. all the muscles used must go through their greatest range of motion to achieve maximum acceleration

Question 41

what are factors that affect someone's balance

Answer 41

base of support, centre of gravity, point of contact on the ground

Question 42

why do we manipulate forces on us

Answer 42

to maintain our balance in stationary and dynamic positions

Question 43

what does base of support refer to

Answer 43

the area beneath an object or person including every point of contact that the person makes with the surface supporting them

Question 44

increase in number of points of contact =

Answer 44

increase in base of support size

Question 45

spreading out points of contact =

Answer 45

increase in base of support size

Question 46

what is centre of gravity

Answer 46

the hypothetical point through a body where gravity is acting upon

Question 47

a body will remain balanced as long as...

Answer 47

the centre of gravity is within the bodies base of support

Question 48

what will lowering your centre of gravity do

Answer 48

increase your overall balance

Question 49

what is static balance

Answer 49

being able to maintain a stationary position throughout the movement

Question 50

what is dynamic balance

Answer 50

having the ability to maintain your balance while in motion