functional anatomy Flashcards
what is the difference between distance and displacement?
distance - refers to how far you have travelled from your start to finish position and can be measured in terms of total distance covered.
displacement - refers to the measurement of the overall change of position of a person and is measured in magnitude and direction.
what is instantaneous speed?
measures the speed at given point in time.
gliding joints
bone surfaces are flat and only a small amount of movement is possible in a linear direction. movement occurs when the synovial joints slide across each other. eg carpal bones, tarsal bones.
hinge joints
convex surface of the bone fits into the concave surface of another. eg flexion and extension in the knee, elbow, fingers and toes.
pivot joints
allows bone with a ring shaped structure, to pivot around another, creating a turning motion without sideways displacement or bending. eg joint between the first and second vertebrae enables rotation of the head.
saddle joints
characterised buy two bones that fit together the same way as a rider on a saddle. eg carpal and metacarpal bones of the thumb.
condyloid joint
the oval shaped surface of the bone fits into the depression of another. eg joints between the carpals of the wrist and the radius, allowing for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction.
ball and socket joints
the ball of one joint fits into the cup of socket of another. eg hip joint and shoulder joint. allows for the movement of flexion/extension, adduction/abduction and rotation.
slow twitch (type 1)
- referred to as red or slow twitch fibres
- slow contraction speed - used for endurance activities
- uses aerobic energy system
- low force of contraction for extended periods
- fatigue resistant
- contract repeatedly for continuous activity
fast twitch (type 2A)
- intermediate speed of contraction
