Functional

Question 1

What are the four FDA approved DBS targets?

Answer 1

Globus Pallidus Interna - Parkinson’s - dystonic phenotype Dystonia

Subthalamic Nucleus - akinetic-rigid PD

Ventral Intermedius Nucleus (VIM) - essential tremor, tremor-predominant PD

Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule - OCD

Question 2

What are some side effects of STN stim?

Answer 2

Lateral corticobulbar spread - dysarthria

Lateral corticospinal - tonic contraction

Inferiorly - hypothalamuc - sweating/flushing

Question 3

What are some side effects of GPi stim?

Answer 3

Anteriorly - optic tract - photopsia

Posteromedial - Internal capsule tonic contraction

Question 4

What are some features of mesial temporal lobe seizures?

Answer 4

Deja Vu

Feeling of fear

Unpleasant smell

Epigastric sensation

Question 5

List some structural causes of epilepsy?

Answer 5

Brain tumours

esp: Ganglioglioma, DNET, Pleomorphic xanthocytoma

Vascular malformations

Mesial temporal sclerosis

Congenital

• neuronal migration - focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopic grey matter, polymicrogyria
• neurocutaneous syndromes - TS + Sturge-weber

Question 6

How much temporal lobe can you resect?

Answer 6

3cm dominant

5cm nondominant