Function Words Definitions Flashcards
Ka, Ikaw
Used for You in a conversation. Example: Kumusta ka? means How are you? while Ikaw, kumusta? emphasizes You, how are you?
Mo, Niyang
Mo means Your and Niyang means His/Her. Example: Libro mo means Your book, and Libro niyang means His/Her book.
Saan, Saang, Nasaan
These words are used to ask Where. Example: Saan ka pupunta? means Where are you going?
Ako, Ko
Ako means I, and Ko means My. Example: Ako ay maglalakad means I will walk.
Kami, Tayo
Kami means We exclusive of the listener, and Tayo means We inclusive of the listener. Example: Kami ay maglalakad means We will walk, not including you.
Sino, Sinong, Kanino
These words are used to ask Who. Example: Sino ka? means Who are you?
Kanila, Nila
Kanila means Their, and Nila means They. Example: Kanila ang bahay means The house is theirs.
Iyan, Iyon, Yan, Yon
Iyan and Yan mean That near the listener, Iyon and Yon mean That far from the speaker and listener. Example: Iyan ang libro means That is the book.
Ito, Iyo, To, Yo
Ito and To mean This near the speaker, Iyo and Yo mean Yours. Example: Ito ang libro means This is the book.
Magkano, Magkanong
Magkano asks How much, and Magkanong specifies the price of something. Example: Magkano ito? means How much is this?
Sila, Nilang
Sila means They, and Nilang means Their. Example: Sila ay maglalakad means They will walk.
Kanya, Niya
Kanya means His/Her, and Niya means He/She. Example: Kanya ang libro means The book is his/hers.
Sarili, Kani-kanilang
Sarili means Self, and Kani-kanilang means Each of their own. Example: Sarili kong libro means My own book.
Kailan, Kailangang
Kailan means When, and Kailangang refers to a need or necessity. Example: Kailan ka pupunta? means When will you go?
Kung, Kung Saan
Kung means If, and Kung Saan refers to Where. Example: Kung gusto mo, sumama ka means If you want, come along.
Habang, Habang Buhay
Habang means While, and Habang Buhay means Forever. Example: Habang ako’y nabubuhay means While I’m alive.
Pa, Paano, Paanong
Pa means Yet, Paano means How, and Paanong specifies the manner of doing something. Example: Hindi pa ako tapos means I’m not done yet.
Gayun, Gayunpaman
Gayun means So, and Gayunpaman means Nevertheless. Example: Gayun din sa iyo means So do you.
Nang, Noon
Nang means When or can be used to link adjectives, and Noon means Then or At that time. Example: Nang magkasama tayo means When we were together.
May, Wala
May means Have or There is, and Wala means None or There is not. Example: May pera ako means I have money.
Ngunit, Subalit
Both mean But or However. Example: Gusto ko ito, ngunit mahal means I like it, but it’s expensive.
Ano, Anong
Ano means What, and Anong adds specificity. Example: Ano ito? means What is this?
Dapat, Kailangan
Dapat means Should or Must, and Kailangan means Need. Example: Dapat tayong umalis means We should leave.
Gusto, Ayaw
Gusto means Want or Like, and Ayaw means Do not want or Dislike. Example: Gusto ko ng kape means I want coffee.
Labas, Loob
Labas means Outside, and Loob means Inside. Example: Sa labas ng bahay means Outside the house.
Tama, Mali
Tama means Correct, and Mali means Wrong. Example: Tama ang sagot mo means Your answer is correct.
Kayo, Inyo
Kayo means You (plural), and Inyo means Yours (plural). Example: Kayo ay magkaibigan means You are friends.
Dito, Doon
Dito means Here, and Doon means There. Example: Dito tayo kumain means Let’s eat here.
Lahat, Iba
Lahat means All, and Iba means Other. Example: Lahat ng tao means All the people.
Isa, Dalawa, Tatlo
Isa, Dalawa, Tatlo are numbers meaning One, Two, Three. Example: Isa, dalawa, tatlo, go! means One, two, three, go!
Muli, Ulit
Muli means Again, and Ulit means Repeat. Example: Ulit lang means Repeat it again.
Amin, Namin
Amin means Ours, and Namin means We (excluding listener). Example: Amin ito means This is ours.
Totoo, Peke
Totoo means Real or True, and Peke means Fake. Example: Totoo ba ito? means Is this real?
Laki, Liit
Laki means Big or Size, and Liit means Small. Example: Ang laki ng bahay means The house is big.
Pareho, Iba
Pareho means Same, and Iba means Different. Example: Pareho tayong magkaibigan means We are the same friends.
Sobra, Kulang
Sobra means Too much, and Kulang means Lacking. Example: Sobra ang kain ko means I ate too much.
Buhay, Patay
Buhay means Life or Alive, and Patay means Dead. Example: Buhay pa ang aso means The dog is still alive.
Mas, Pinaka
Mas means More, and Pinaka means Most or Extremely. Example: Mas maganda ito means This is more beautiful.
Bagong, Lumang
Bagong means New, and Lumang means Old. Example: Bagong libro means New book.
Bata, Matanda
Bata means Child or Young, and Matanda means Old (referring to age). Example: Bata pa siya means He/She is still young.
Din, Rin
Rin is used after a word which ends with a vowel and Din is being used after a word which ends with a consonant
