Function of the Digestive System chapt 43 Flashcards
What is Digestion?
Breakdown of food particles into the molecular form
what is absorption?
absorption into the bloodstream of small nutrient molecules produced by digestion
what is Elimination?
elimination of undigested unabsorbed foodstuffs and other waste products
After food is ingested what happens?
it is propelled through the GI tract coming into contact with a wide variety of secretions that aid in its digestion, absorption, or elimination from the GI tract.
What is Ptyalin or salivary amylase
an enzyme that begins the digestion of starches.
How does saliva aid in swallowing?
water and mucus also contained in saliva, help lubricate the food as it is chewed facilitating swallowing.
Stomach function in digestion
stores and mixes food with secretions, secretes a highly acidic fluid in response to the presence or anticipated ingestion of food. This fluid, which can total 2.4L/day, can have a pH as low as 1 and derives its acidity from hydrochloric acid secreted by the glands of the stomach.
What is Pepsin
an important enzyme for protein digestion, is the end product of the conversion of pepsinogen from the chief cells
What is intrinsic Factor
secreted by the gastric mucosa, combines with dietary vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum. In the absence of intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, and pernicious anemia results.
What is trypsin
digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas, aids in digesting protein
What is amylase
aids in digesting starch
What is lipase
aids in digesting fats
What is Bile
secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in emulsifying ingested fats, making them easier to digest and absorb.
Assessment of the GI tract (pain)
Pain can be a major symptom of GI disease. The character, duration, pattern, frequency, location, distribution of referred abdominal pain and time of the pain vary greatly depending on the underlying cause
What is Dyspepsia
Upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating (Indigestion) most common symptom of patients with GI dysfunction. Fatty foods cause the most discomfort.
Intestinal Gas
May result in belching or flatulence. Pts often complain of floating, distension, or feeling full of gas. Excessive flatulence is a symptom of food intolerance or gallbladder disease
Nausea and vomiting
uncomfortable sensation of sickness or queasiness that may or may not be followed by vomiting.
What is diarrhea
an increase in the frequency and liquidity of the stool or in daily stool weight or volume, typically associated with abdominal cramps, pain, nausea and vomiting
What is constipation
a decrease in the frequency of stool, or stools that are hard, dry, and of smaller volume than typical- may be associated with anal discomfort or rectal bleeding.
characteristics of stool
bulky, greasy, foamy stools that are foul in odor and may or may not float
light gray or clay-colored stool caused by a decrease or absence of conjugated bilirubin
stool with mucus threads or pus that may be visible on gross inspection of the stool
small, dry, rock-hard masses occasionally streaked with blood
loose, watery stool that may or may not be streaked with blood
foods and meds that alter stool color Altering substance
Meat Protein
Dark Brown
Spinach makes the stool what color?
green
Carrots, beets, red gelatin make the stool what color?
Red
Cocoa makes the stool what color?
dark red or brown
Senna makes the stool what color?
Yellow
Bismuth, Iron, Locirice, Charcoal makes the stool what color?
Black
Barium makes the stool what color?
Milky white
