Function of the Digestive System chapt 43

Question 1

What is Digestion?

Answer 1

Breakdown of food particles into the molecular form

Question 2

what is absorption?

Answer 2

absorption into the bloodstream of small nutrient molecules produced by digestion

Question 3

what is Elimination?

Answer 3

elimination of undigested unabsorbed foodstuffs and other waste products

Question 4

After food is ingested what happens?

Answer 4

it is propelled through the GI tract coming into contact with a wide variety of secretions that aid in its digestion, absorption, or elimination from the GI tract.

Question 5

What is Ptyalin or salivary amylase

Answer 5

an enzyme that begins the digestion of starches.

Question 6

How does saliva aid in swallowing?

Answer 6

water and mucus also contained in saliva, help lubricate the food as it is chewed facilitating swallowing.

Question 7

Stomach function in digestion

Answer 7

stores and mixes food with secretions, secretes a highly acidic fluid in response to the presence or anticipated ingestion of food. This fluid, which can total 2.4L/day, can have a pH as low as 1 and derives its acidity from hydrochloric acid secreted by the glands of the stomach.

Question 8

What is Pepsin

Answer 8

an important enzyme for protein digestion, is the end product of the conversion of pepsinogen from the chief cells

Question 9

What is intrinsic Factor

Answer 9

secreted by the gastric mucosa, combines with dietary vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum. In the absence of intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, and pernicious anemia results.

Question 10

What is trypsin

Answer 10

digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas, aids in digesting protein

Question 11

What is amylase

Answer 11

aids in digesting starch

Question 12

What is lipase

Answer 12

aids in digesting fats

Question 13

What is Bile

Answer 13

secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in emulsifying ingested fats, making them easier to digest and absorb.

Question 14

Assessment of the GI tract (pain)

Answer 14

Pain can be a major symptom of GI disease. The character, duration, pattern, frequency, location, distribution of referred abdominal pain and time of the pain vary greatly depending on the underlying cause

Question 15

What is Dyspepsia

Answer 15

Upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating (Indigestion) most common symptom of patients with GI dysfunction. Fatty foods cause the most discomfort.

Question 16

Intestinal Gas

Answer 16

May result in belching or flatulence. Pts often complain of floating, distension, or feeling full of gas. Excessive flatulence is a symptom of food intolerance or gallbladder disease

Question 17

Nausea and vomiting

Answer 17

uncomfortable sensation of sickness or queasiness that may or may not be followed by vomiting.

Question 18

What is diarrhea

Answer 18

an increase in the frequency and liquidity of the stool or in daily stool weight or volume, typically associated with abdominal cramps, pain, nausea and vomiting

Question 19

What is constipation

Answer 19

a decrease in the frequency of stool, or stools that are hard, dry, and of smaller volume than typical- may be associated with anal discomfort or rectal bleeding.

Question 20

characteristics of stool

Answer 20

bulky, greasy, foamy stools that are foul in odor and may or may not float
light gray or clay-colored stool caused by a decrease or absence of conjugated bilirubin
stool with mucus threads or pus that may be visible on gross inspection of the stool
small, dry, rock-hard masses occasionally streaked with blood
loose, watery stool that may or may not be streaked with blood

Question 21

foods and meds that alter stool color Altering substance

Meat Protein

Answer 21

Dark Brown

Question 22

Spinach makes the stool what color?

Answer 22

green

Question 23

Carrots, beets, red gelatin make the stool what color?

Answer 23

Red

Question 24

Cocoa makes the stool what color?

Answer 24

dark red or brown

Question 25

Senna makes the stool what color?

Answer 25

Yellow

Question 26

Bismuth, Iron, Locirice, Charcoal makes the stool what color?

Answer 26

Black

Question 27

Barium makes the stool what color?

Answer 27

Milky white