function of digestion

Question 1

what is digestion

Answer 1

chemical and physical process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller nutrients that can be absorbed by the body

Question 2

3 main body fluids

Answer 2

• cytoplasm in cells
• fluid between cells (interstitial fluid)
• fluid in blood

Question 3

macromolecules

Answer 3

large, complex molecules made up of smaller molecules linked together

Question 4

essential nutrients

Answer 4

nutrients that must be obtained from food because body can’t make them

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

all chemical reactions carried out by cells

Question 6

nutrients

Answer 6

macromolecules must be broken down into smaller compounds
- ex: build and repair tissues

Question 7

carbohydrates

Answer 7

energy containing molecules
- includes fibre, excess sugar stored as glycogen in liver/muscles

Question 8

lipids

Answer 8

function as energy storage molecules

Question 9

proteins

Answer 9

made up of long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
- build and repair muscle and cell membranes
ex: antibodies

Question 10

nucleic acids

Answer 10

made up of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
- function: direct growth and development of organisms

Question 11

hydrolysis

Answer 11

chemical reaction which water breaks apart macromolecules into smaller molecules

Question 12

enzymes

Answer 12

proteins that help speed up reactions such as hydrolysis

Question 13

roles of water in the body

Answer 13

• transporting nutrients
• flushing toxins from cells
• forming essential body fluids

Question 14

4 general feeding mechanisms

Answer 14

• filter feeders
• substrate feeders
• fluid feeders
• bulk feeders

Question 15

4 stages of food processing

Answer 15

• ingestion
• digestion
• absorption
• elimination

Question 16

ingestion

Answer 16

taking in or eating food

Question 17

digestion

Answer 17

break down of food by mechanical and chemical processes

Question 18

absorption

Answer 18

transport of products of digestion from digestive system into circulatory system

Question 19

elimination

Answer 19

removal of undigested solid waste

Question 20

differences between minerals and vitamins

Answer 20

minerals: inorganic substances that enable chemical reactions
- ex: iron: reproducing hemogoblins (red meat)
vitamins: organic substances that enable chemical reactions
- ex: vitamin A (carotene): good vision, healthy skin and bones (fruit)
BOTH AID IN TISSUE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH, AND IMMUNITY