function and adaptations Flashcards
Function of nucleus
Control center of the cell by producing mRNA and tRNA which leads to protein synthesis
Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
function of Nucleolus
Manufactures ribosomal DNA
Assemble ribosomes
function of Nuclear pore
allows large molecules (mRNA) to transport out of the nucleus
function of Chromosomes
Contains chemical chromatins ( complex of DNA)
forms chromosomes
Adaptation of Matrix
Mitochondria
contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA
allows mitochondria to control the production of proteins
Enzymes involved in respiration are found here
Adaptation of Cristae ( mitochondria)
Provide large SA for attachment of enzymes + proteins for respiration
What are thylakoids
sacs filled with chlorophyll
function of Grana
Where photosynthesis occurs
what is the grana and function
Stack of thylakoids
fist stage of photosynthesis occurs here
Function of nuclear and chloroplast envelope
Controls the entry and exit of materials
Function of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Production of ATP ( energy carrier molecule)
Why do the number of mitochondria vary from cell to cell
Those that require high metabolic activity (muscle cells) need large supply of ATP so they have more mitochondria
What is cristae
When the inner membrane is folded to form extensions
Adaptations of chloroplast
Contain enzymes needed to make sugar in second stage of PT
Large SA for the attachment of chlorophyll for the first stage of PT
Contain DNA and ribosomes so they can quickly manufacture protein needed for PT
What is the stroma and adaptation
Fluid filled matrix and contains starch grains
contains enzymes + sugars for the second stage of PT
functions and adaptation of RER
Have ribosomes attached for protein synthesis
provide pathway for transporting of materials (protein) throughout the cell
Large SA for synthesis of protein and glycoproteins
Functions of SER
Synthesise, store, transport lipids and carbs
Functions of Golgi apparatus
Add carbs to protein to form glycoproteins
Produce secretory enzymes
Form lysosomes
Process, package, modify lipids
Secrete carbs
Function of Golgi vesicle
Store and transport lipids and proteins made by Golgi apparatus (via the cell-surface membrane)
Adaptation and function of lysosomes
Release hydrolytic enzymes (exocytosis) to destroy materials on the outside
Break down cells after they’ve died (autolysis)
Hydrolyse materials ingested by phagocytic cell
Digest worn out organelles and recycling the useful chemicals they’re made of
What are the two types of ribosomes and where are they found
80s- found in eukaryotic cells
70s-found in prokaryotic cells (mitochondria + chloroplast)
Function of ribosomes and paces you find them
Site of protein synthesis
Cytoplasm and RER
Function and adaptation of Plant cell wall
Has a number of polysaccharides (cellulose)
Cellulose gives the wall strength
prevents cell from bursting
allow water to pass along it
What are cell walls in algae made of
cellulose or glycoprotein
or a mix of both
What are cell wall of fungi made of
Mixture of nitrogen containing chitin, Glycan (polysaccharides) and glycoproteins
What is the membrane of vacuole called
Tonoplast
What is in the vacuole
Minerals, salts, amino acids waste and pigment
Function of vacuole
Maintain pressure inside the cell stops plant from wilting
Keep cell rigid
Sugar and amino acids = temporary food stores
Pigment= attracts pollinated insects
Function of ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs
