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func anat 3 (final) Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic girdle

A
  • Sacrum and coccyx
  • Ilium
  • Ischiuim
  • Pubis
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2
Q

joints of the pelvis

A
  1. Sacroiliac joints (SI)
  2. Pubic symphysis
  3. L5-S1 –
    lumbosacral joint
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3
Q

ASIS is ____ AIIS

A

superiors

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4
Q

motions of the pelvis

A
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Posterior pelvic tilt
  • Lateral pelvic tilt
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5
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

 Increased lordosis of lumbar
spine
 Extension of the lumbar spine
 Flexion of the hip joint

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6
Q

posterior pelvic tilt

A

 Decreased lordosis of
lumbar spine
 Flexion of lumbar spine
 Extension of hip joint

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7
Q

muscle responsible for anterior tilt

A

 Spine extensors – contract to
pull up the posterior pelvis
 Hip flexors – contract to pull
down anterior pelvis

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8
Q

the muscles involved in posterior pelvic tilt

A

 Abdominals – contract to
pull up anterior pelvis
 Hip extensors – contract
to pull down on posterior
pelvis

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9
Q

Hip abductor on stance side

A

pulls down
on pelvis, toward hip; this “hip hiker”
pulls up on unsupported side

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10
Q

Flexion of the sacrum

A

increased lordosis
of the lumbar spine =
lumbar extension.
NUTATION

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11
Q

extension of the sacrum

A

decreased lordosis of
the lumbar spine = lumbar
flexion
COUNTERNUTATION

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12
Q

Lumbar extension – ↑ lumbar lordosis – flexion of sacrum =

A

NUTATION

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13
Q

Lumbar flexion – ↓ lumbar lordosis – extension of sacrum =

A

COUNTERNUTATION

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14
Q

How many plane of motion can the hip joint move

A

three planes: triaxial

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15
Q

hip joint is between…

A

the femoral head and the acetabulum of
the pelvis

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16
Q

femur

A

head, neck, and shaft

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17
Q

angle of inclination of the femur

A

130 degrees (125-135 degrees)

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18
Q

torsion angle- neck of femur

A

15 degree

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19
Q

Greater trochanter and lesser
trochanter are for ______

A

muscle attachments

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20
Q

Extensive ligaments between
femur and all three pelvis
bones…

A
  • Iliofemoral –”Y ligament” (ilium and femur)
  • Ischiofemoral (ischium and femur)
  • Pubofemoral (pubis and femur)
  • Ligament of the head of the
    femur (“inside”)
    —–Joint capsule
    —–Labrum
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21
Q

HIP SLIDE 21 ANATOMY

A

ESPECIALLY BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER

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22
Q

hip flexion/extension (plane?)

A

sagittal plane

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23
Q

hip abduction/adduction (plane?)

A

frontal plane

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24
Q

hip internal/external rotation (plane?)

A

transverse plane

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25
Q

pelvis and femur flexion movements

A
  • Femur (thigh) comes
    toward trunk
  • Trunk flexes forward,
    coming toward thigh
    (touch toes)
  • Pelvis tilts anteriorly
    which is accompanied by
    lumbar extension
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26
Q

pelvis and femur extension movements

A
  • Femur is extended
    backward away from the front
    of trunk
  • Pelvis is rotated backward
    (standing back bend)
  • Posterior pelvic tilt, which
    is accompanied by lumbar
    spine flexion
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27
Q

pelvis and femur abduction movements

A
  • Femur is brought away
    from midline in frontal
    plane
  • Trunk is brought toward
    leg in frontal plane (side
    bending)
  • Stance leg when hip is
    hiked up
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28
Q

pelvis and femur adduction movements

A
  • Femur is brought toward
    or across the midline
  • Trunk is brought away
    from leg in frontal plane
    (side bending)
  • Stance leg when hip is
    dropped
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29
Q

pelvis and femur internal and external rotation movements

A
  • Similarly, the femur can
    move in or out on the pelvis
    or
  • The pelvis can move in or
    out on the femur
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30
Q

torsion angle variations

A

line through trochanters
* Anteversion- too anteriorly rotated
* Retroversion- too posteriorly rotated

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31
Q

angle of inclination

A

line through femur head and neck
* Coxa vara
* Coxa valgus

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32
Q

head of the femur is rotated ____ slightly

A

anteriorly

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33
Q

anteversion

A

more that 15 degrees of torsion—results in ‘toe in’ or toe rotated medially

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34
Q

retroversion

A

less than 15 degrees of torsion— results in ‘toe out’ or toe pointed laterally

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35
Q

coxa varus?

A

angle is smaller than it should be/turns medially
-results in valgus knee position?

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36
Q

coxa valgus?

A

angle is wider than it should be/turns laterally
-results is varus knee position?

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37
Q

joints of the knee (2)

A

*Tibiofemoral joint-distal femur and
proximal tibia
*Patellofemoral joint-underside of
the patella and the femur

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38
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

*Condyloid joint-one bone on top of another- unstable
*Ligaments and muscles make
up for lack of bony stability
*two degress of freedom

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39
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

*Femoral condyles are
covered with articular
cartilage.
*Trochlear groove
(“patellar surface”) is
the sulcus for the
patella.

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40
Q

what are the planes the tibiofemoral joint moves on

A

sagittal and transverse

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41
Q

Varus is when the joint is _____ to the bones
above and below.

A

lateral

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42
Q

Valgus is when the joint is _____to the bones
above and below.

A

medial

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43
Q

I DON’T UNDERSTAND VARUS AND VALGUS ANGLE OF THE KNEE AND HIP AND HOW THEY EFFECT EACHOTHER

A

LEARN ABOUT THIS- KNEE SLIDE 5

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44
Q

KNEE SLIDE 3 AND 4 ANATOMY

A

LEARN AND LABEL

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45
Q

The knee naturally moves in a _____ direction

A

valgus (medial)

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46
Q

Q angle

A

Angle formed when using center of
patella as axis, ASIS as landmark for
one arm of the goniometer, and the
tibial tuberosity as the landmark for
the other arm (more info on knee slide 6)

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47
Q

Q angle of ______° in males

A

10-12

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48
Q

Q angle of ______ ° in females

A

15-17 (wider because of the width of the pelvis)

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49
Q

Tibia to femur relationship:
______ ° valgus is normal

A

5-7

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50
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint-ligaments

A
  • MCL – medial collateral
  • LCL – lateral collateral
  • ACL – anterior cruciate
  • PCL – posterior cruciate
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51
Q

ligaments are _____ restraints

A

passive

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52
Q

muscles are _____ restraints

A

active

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53
Q

LCL prevents

A

varus (lateral)

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54
Q

MCL prevnts

A

valgus (medial)

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55
Q

ACL prevents

A

anterior translation of tibia and femur

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56
Q

MCL resists a valgus-producing force-On which
side of the knee would the
force be directed?

A

lateral

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57
Q

PCL prevents

A

posterior translation tibia and femur

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58
Q

LCL resists a varus-
producing force – On which
side of the knee would the
force be directed?

A

medial

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59
Q

purpose of the meniscus (3)

A

 increases congruity of the joint
 absorbs shock
 distributes synovial fluid.

60
Q

Inner 2/3 is avascular. Outer 1/3 is
vascular. What does this mean?

A

the vascular portion allows blood flow to occur

61
Q

________ in posterior
thigh and knee which sends
offshoot of common peroneal
nerve foot.

A

sciatic nerve

62
Q

Distal to the sciatic nerve is the….

A

tibial nerve

63
Q

Sciatic or a branch of it
innervates _____ muscles of the
posterior leg, and anterior
lower leg.

64
Q

Femoral nerve in anterior
thigh innervates
_______

A

quadriceps

65
Q

Obturator nerve in anterior
medial thigh innervates
_______

66
Q

the patella acts as a ____

67
Q

articular cartilage is on the _____ of the patella

A

underside (smooth movement, but wears down)

68
Q

patella ligaments restrain movement in ____

A

all directions

69
Q

patella alta

A

patella rides too high

70
Q

patella baja

A

patella rides too low

71
Q

Lateral retinaculum and iliotibial
band restrain ______ movement.

72
Q

Lateral retinaculum and iliotibial
band are ____ restraints

A

passive (static)

73
Q

Vastus medialis oblique muscle
(VMO) restrains _______ movement

74
Q

Vastus medialis oblique muscle
(VMO) is a _____ restraint

A

active (dynamic)

75
Q

motions of the knee

A

flexion
extension
rotation

76
Q

With knee flexion, tibia rotates on femur up to 40-
___ degrees

77
Q

in an open chain movement which direction would the tibia move

A

(foot is not flexed)
lateral rotation on the tibia

78
Q

in a closed chain movement (standing up from a sitting position) which direction would the femur move

A

medial rotation of the femur

79
Q

open chain movement

80
Q

closed chain movement

81
Q

“screw-home mechanism”

A

With knee flexion, tibia rotates on femur up to 40-
50 degrees. At end range of extension, there occurs a lateral
rotation of the tibia on the femur; or medial rotation of the
femur on the tibia.

82
Q

Genu Recuvatum

A

hyperextension of the knee

83
Q

bones of the foot and ankle

A
  • Tarsals
    • Calcaneus
    • Talus
    • Navicular
    • Cuboid
    • Cuneiform
      I,II,III
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
84
Q

KNOW HOW TO LABEL ANKLE AND FOOT BONESSS

A

ankle and foot slide 3-5

85
Q

forefoot

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

86
Q

midfoot

A

Navicular, Cuneiforms, cuboid

87
Q

rearfoot (or hindfoot)

A

Talus and calcaneus

88
Q

(foot) Longitudinal arch occurs in which plane

A

sagittal plane

89
Q

(foot) Transverse arch occurs in which plane

A

frontal plane

90
Q

ankle motions

A
  • Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion (sagittal)
  • Inversion/Eversion (frontal)
  • Abduction/Adduction (transverse)

Combination of these three is supination/pronation

91
Q

Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion occurs in which plane

A

sagittal

Occurs at the talocrucal joint

92
Q

Inversion/Eversion occurs in which plane

A

frontal plane

93
Q

Abduction/Adduction (forefoot) occurs in which plane

A

transverse plane—of the forefoot
-abduction= turning foot laterally
-adduction=turning foot medially

94
Q

Abduction and adduction
can refer to the movement of the..

A
  • forefoot
  • calcaneal
  • talus
95
Q

Calcaneal abduction = calcaneal eversion =

A

calcaneal valgus

96
Q

Calcaneal adduction = calcaneal inversion =

A

calcaneal varus

97
Q

Motion occurring
in all three planes
is called

A

supination or
pronation (Triplanar Motion)

99
Q

open chain,
supination is a
combination of:

A
  • Inversion
  • Plantarflexion
  • Forefoot adduction
100
Q

open chain,
pronation is a
combination of:

A
  • Eversion
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Forefoot abduction
101
Q

Closed chain supination is combination of:

A
  • Calcaneal varus
  • Abduction of the talus on the calcaneus.
102
Q

two joints of the rearfoot

A
  • Talocrural joint
    • Joint between the talus
      and tibia
  • Subtalar
    • Joint between the talus
      and calcaneus
102
Q

Closed chain pronation is
combination of:

A
  • Calcaneal valgus
  • Plantarflexion
  • Adduction of the talus on the
    calcaneus.
103
Q

Movement occurring at talocrural joint is

A

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (sagittal plane)

104
Q

Movement occurring at talocrural joint is
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
* What plane?

A

sagittal plane

105
Q

Movement occurring at subtalar joint is

A

pronation and supination

106
Q

Movement occurring at subtalar joint is
pronation and supination
* Which planes?

A

All three planes

107
Q

t/f Arch can “collapse”
through midfoot

A

true- the arch flattens throughout the midfoot

108
Q

Midfoot is locked and
rigid when foot is in
________, and
unlocked in ______.

A

-supination (locked)(more rigid to help push off)

-pronation (unlocked)(absorbs shock)

109
Q

Forefoot is composed of the
following joints: there are 4

A
  • Tarsalmetatarsal (TMT) – between
    the tarsals and metatarsals (TMT)
  • Intermetatarsal (IMT) – between the
    metatarsals
  • Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) –
    between the metatarsals and proximal
    phalanx
  • Interphalangeal (IP) joints – between
    proximal, middle, distal phalanges
110
Q

Tarsalmetatarsal (TMT)

A

between
the tarsals and metatarsals (TMT)

111
Q

Intermetatarsal (IMT)

A

between the
metatarsals

112
Q

Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP)

A

between the metatarsals and proximal
phalanx

113
Q

Interphalangeal (IP) joints

A

between
proximal, middle, distal phalanges

114
Q

toes/phalanges

115
Q

Forefoot inversion

116
Q

Forefoot eversion

117
Q

Ligaments of foot and ankle YOU DONT NEED TO LABEL THESE!!!!

A
  • Lateral side:
    anterior talo-fib,
    posterior talo-fib,
    calcaneo-fib,
  • Medial side:
    deltoid ligament
118
Q

Medial side ligament of foot/ankle

A

deltoid ligament

119
Q

sheath that runs from the calcaneus to proximal phalanx of the great toe; pulled with
extension of big toe

A

plantar fascia

120
Q

Forefoot

A

metatarsals and phalanges

121
Q

rearfoot/hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

122
Q

midfoot

A

navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid8`

123
Q

calcaneal valgus and varus occurs in which plane

124
Q

When pronated the midfoot is_____

125
Q

When supinated the midfoot is _______

126
Q

forefoot primary movments

A

inversion/eversion (frontal plane)
—-can also do abduction and adduction

127
Q

closed chain

A

The distal segment, like the hand or foot, is fixed to a surface and doesn’t move. The body provides the resistance. Examples include squats, push-ups, and lunges.

128
Q

Open chain

A

The distal segment moves the resistance, while the body is stabilized by a machine or bench. Examples include leg extensions, bench presses, and arm curls

129
Q

Normal gait phases

A

Stance phase (60%)
Swing phase (40%)

130
Q

stance phase has

A

heel strike
foot flat
mid-stance
push-off

131
Q

swing phase

A

Acceleration
Mid-swing
Decceleration

132
Q

Foot is _____
(pronation) at heel strike, to
accommodate surface

133
Q

Foot is_____
(supination) at push-off;
serves as a rigid lever

134
Q

if something is moving (gait)

135
Q

position of something (gait)

136
Q

knee during gait

A

Knee
1. Slight flexion at heel
strike and foot flat
2. Near extension at mid-
stance and push-off
3. Greatest amount of
flexion during swing
phase
4. Near extension to
prepare for heel strike

137
Q

during gait, which planes does movement occur

A

frontal and transverse plane

138
Q

Thomas Test

A

Length of iliopsoas, rectus femoris

139
Q

Rectus Femoris

A
  • one of the quad muscles
  • crosses the knee and hip joint
  • origin AIIS
  • insertion tibial tuberosity
140
Q

Hamstrings tests

A
  • 90-90 Test – normal is
    within about 20° of full
    knee extension
  • SLR Test – normal is 55-
    70°
141
Q

hamstrings

A
  • orgin is ischial tuberosity
  • insertion is biceps femoris
142
Q

TFL – IT band test

A
  • Ober Test – normal is
    testing leg dropping to
    table
143
Q

TFL- IT band

A
  • origin ASIS
  • insertion iliotibial band
144
Q

Gastrocnemius test

A

-flex test

PTA (6 decks)

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