fun history facts: dictators Flashcards
How did the army regard Hitler?
They were Prussian aristocracy and regarded him as a temporary Austrian upstart
How did Hitler control the army
He dismissed Blomberg and Fritsch in a sex scandal
What is an example of the disorganisation of the Hitler regime?
Both Roseberg and Ley were ‘heads of education’ and in charge of NAPOLAS
What percentage of people in the Saarland voted to be German?
90%
How did Schact tax?
He taxed, but fairly so it wouldn’t burden private industry and reinvested taxes back into state.
What did the New Plan do for young men?
Men 18-25 Years old were required to join the National Labour Service for six months
How did Albert Speer improve the economy?
He used slave labour. By 1944 a quarter of the German workforce were foreign slaves.
How successful was Goering’s autarky
Germany still imported a third of their materials by 1939
Did unemployment lessen under Hitler?
Yes, it fell from 6 million to 100 thousand. from 1932-39
What was the weirdest part of Nazi propaganda?
the torch lit rallies at Nuremberg that portrayed hitler as a God
What was the editors law?
Any editor who let their writer publish something anti-Nazi could be tried. As a result, editors censured themselves
What effect did Hitler have on artists?
2500 went into exile. Some, like Heidegger, gave themselves up completely to the Nazis
Wha percentage of Germans used radios?
increased from 22 to 70 % from 1932-37
As a worker did life improve under the Nazis?
25 million people controlled by Volk but received insurance, bereavement and education.
How many people participated in the KDF
1 in 7 was involved somehow in the Strength through Joy programme
What was the women’s version of the Nazi Party?
NSF
What was the Land Year Programme?
Single women went to work on a farm for a year
What percentage of the workforce was women in Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia?
Half!
How did the Nazis persecute the disabled
350 thousand were sterilised, 70 thousand were euthanised and doctors were given a manual with 60 causes of death to tell the family.
What was the Treaty of Rappallo?
A Treaty between Russia and Hitler. Stalin fell into suspicion of Hitler, however and it lapsed.
What was the ‘second revolution’ of Russia?
Stalin’s top down economic policy
Was de-kulakisation effective?
Yes. Poor peasants were eager to gain revenge and were encouraged by the OGPU. Displayed to peasants the need for obedience.
Was there resistance to collectivisation?
In 1930 25% of farms were collectivised. The peasants tried to revolt with 30 thousand arson attacks but by 1939 all the farms were collectivised.
How many died in the 1932 Russian famine?
8 million
Were Stalins economic policies effective?
Yes, coal increased to 150 tonnes, steel to 18 and oil to 26
What was the Ryutin affair?
An attempt to criticise Stalin that was used to justify the purges
What happened following the Kirov murder?
The decree against terrorists act. Supporters used to replace old people eg Beria, Krushchevan, Ruskibislov,. Of the 1996 delegates of the 1934 party. 1108 were executed
What was the Stalin Enrolment?
The ‘educated elite’ who wanted to advance their career worked for Stalin and gained promotion for obedience.
What are some examples of purges within the armed forces?
Tukhachavsky accused of a ‘gigantic conspiracy’ to kill Stalin. 35 thousand officers were shot and 90% of military council was arrested
How prevalent were Stalin’s purges?
One in 8 people were arrested
What are some examples of supposed ‘crises’ that justified Stalin’s purges?
The Doctor’s Plot, the Leningrad affair, the Ryutin affair
What are some examples supporting the argument that art was suppressed in Soviet Russia?
60 plays were banned, Abstract art was condemned, Eisenstein and Meyerhold were censured.
What was the Konsomol?
The Hitler Youth for soviet Russia, basically.
How many people were affected by Stalin’s anti-independence campaign?
20 million were uprooted
Before WWII, how prevalent were churches in Soviet society?
Only 1% of the original amount were open
What ensured that the PRC was effectively under military control?
The military commander and the political commissar, two of the four branches of government, were led by former members of the PLA
What was the reunification campaign?
Mao’s attempt to control outlying areas, 3 separate armies sent (one each to Guandong, Xianjing and Tibet) under the guise of ‘helping’ by building roads, imposed martial law.
What was the anti-movement campaign?
An attempt to deliberately create fear and end the last remnants of the bourgeois. Chine people encouraged to inform, Dangan (dossiers) created that determined eligibility for work and housing, landlord property redistributed and landlord either became a peasant or put on public trial. Created a restrictive atmosphere, 1 million landlords killed.
What was the 100 flowers campaign?
Mao asked intellectuals to offer suggestions for improvement and then purged all those that criticised. Some believe he felt overwhelmed by the criticism, other believed it was deliberate, other believe it was just a mask to prove that he wasn’t a cult of personality to Krushnev. Thousands of ‘rightists’ killed.
