Full Textbook Flashcards
3-strand rope
rope construction in which 3 strands are twisted together in a spiral pattern
7-strand, common-grade cable
steel-cable construction in which seven strands are twisted together in a spiral pattern. Used to limit movement or add supplemental structural support to trees
12-strand rope
for arborist ropes, a braided rope consisting of 12 strands, typically without a core. There are two types of 12-strand construction: a tight braid that is not easily spliceable, used for climbing and rigging lines, and a loose, easily spliceable braid, commonly used for slings.
24-strand rope
for arborist ropes, a braided rope that has a 24-strand cover and a core
16-strand rope
for arborist ropes, a braided rope construction that has a 16-strand, load-bearing cover and a filler core that is not significant in load carrying.
abiotic agents
nonliving causes of plant disorders
abscission zone
area at the base of a petiole, small branch, or flower where cellular breakdown leads to leaf, flower, or fruit drop
absorbing roots
fine roots with functional root hairs that are responsible for the uptake of water and minerals
acceptable risk
degree of risk that is within the tolerance threshold of the owner, manager, or controlling authority
access route
defined entrance and exit route for a property during construction, tree work, or landscape operations
acclimation
physiological adaptation process of plants and other living organisms to a climate or environment different from their prior growing conditions
action threshold
(1) pest population or plant damage level that requires action to prevent irreversible or unacceptable physiological and/or aesthetic harm. (2) point at which the level of incompatible plant species, density, height, location, or condition threatens the stated management objectives and requires implementation of a control method(s).
acute
(1) disorder or disease that occurs suddenly or over a short period of time. (2) leaves with straight sides tapering to a pointed apex.
adaptability
genetic ability of plants and other living organisms to adjust or acclimate to different environments
advanced assessment
assessment performed to provide detailed information about specific tree parts, defects, targets , or site conditions. Specialized equipment, data collection and analysis, and/or expertise are usually required.
adventitious branch
branch arising from a stem or parent branch and having no connection to apical meristems
adventitious bud
bud arising peripherally from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers
aerial inspection
inspection of parts of a tree not visible from the ground, including the trunk, stems, and branches; typically done by climbing or from an aerial lift. Aerial inspections may include evaluation of internal decay.
aerial rescue
method of bringing and injured worker down from a tree or aerial lift device
aerial roots
aboveground roots. Usually adventitious in nature and sometimes having unique adaptive functions
aerobic
having sufficient oxygen; for example, in soil
aggregate (4)
(1) close cluster or mix of small particles of soil and/or organic matter of varying sizes that are bonded together. (2) sand, gravel, or small rocks in soil and/or used under paved surfaces. (3) clusters of flowers or fruits that appear as a single unit. (4) individual tree crown that form a canopy
air-excavation device
device that directs a jet of highly compressed air to excavate soil. Used to avoid or minimize damage to tree roots or underground structures such as pipes and wires. May also reduce hazards associated with excavation near pipes or wires.
air terminal
uppermost part of a tree lightning protection system, located near the top of a tree or large leader, intended to provide a lightning strike termination or attachment point; may be either a manufactured terminal or the end of the conductor.
allelochemicals
substances produced naturally by plants as part of a defense against pests and other plants. May adversely affect the growth and development of other plants.
allelopathy
the influence, usually detrimental, of one plant on another, by the released of chemical substances.
alternate
pertaining to bud or leaf arrangement, one leaf or bud at each node, situated at alternating positions along the stem. In this arrangement, the leaves are not directly across from each other.
alternate host
one of a number of separate plants of certain obligate pathogens (e.g. rust fungi) or insects (e.g. adelgids) in which successive life stages develop
amon-eye nut
drop-forged nut used to fashion a through-hardware anchor
anaerobic
without— or with a restricted supply of air. Process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
anchor hardware
hardware installed to affix and/or terminate a cable or guy toa tree, the ground, or to another device
angiosperm
plant with seeds borne in an ovary, consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants).
anion
ion that carries a negative charge
ANSI A300
in the United States, industry-developed, national consensus standards of practice for tree care
ANSI Z133
in the United States, industry-developed national consensus safety standards of practice for tree care
anthocyanin
red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of plants.
antigibberellin
plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberelin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation
apical bud
bud at the tip of a twig or shoot
apical dominance
condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season
