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Nursing 1180 > Full Exam Review > Flashcards

Full Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Number of spinal nerves

A

31

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2
Q

Spinal nerve injury

A

Level of nerve and below will no longer work

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3
Q

SCAT

A

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool used as baseline prior to competitive sport

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4
Q

FAST

A

Face drooping, arm weakness, speech problems, time to call 911 for stroke (especially ischemic)

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5
Q

Requirements for neurological exam

A

Penlight, tongue blade, cotton swab, tuning fork, percussion hammer

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6
Q

Indicators for increased ICP

A

Falling pulse, rising BP, falling respirations, widening pulse pressure, and decreased O2 saturation

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7
Q

Coma according to GCS

A

Score of 8 or below

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8
Q

Receptive aphasia

A
  • Language comprehension
  • Wernicke’s area (temporal)
  • Produced speech makes no sense/cannot write
  • Patient is unaware of problem
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9
Q

Expressive aphasia

A
  • Speech productive
  • Broca’s area (frontal)
  • Can understand but cannot produce
  • Frustrating for patients
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10
Q

CN II lesion

A

Loss of direct light reflex

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11
Q

CN III lesion

A

Loss of consensual light reflex

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12
Q

Light reflex in blind patients

A

No constriction as without sensory input, there will be no motor response

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13
Q

Light reflex in unconscious

A

Should still be a response

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14
Q

Oculomotor/abducens/trochlear nerve tests

A

Hold up finger and have patient follow finger with eyes

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15
Q

Facial nerve motor function test

A

Raise eyebrows, frown, clench eyes, bare teeth, smile, puff out cheeks

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16
Q

Facial nerve sensory function test

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue; lost with loss of motor function

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17
Q

Glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve motor function test

A

Aah uvula, palate rise, gag reflex

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18
Q

Glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve sensory function test

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

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19
Q

Spinal testing

A

Movement/power of arms/legs and for sensation (sharp/dull/vibration sensations) on skin of arms/legs

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20
Q

Tandem walking

A

Toe-to-heel; no need to look at feet or wobble

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21
Q

Romberg’s test

A

Close eyes and stand with feet together; will wobble with cerebellar injury

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22
Q

Pronator drift

A

Test for upper motor neurons

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23
Q

Tests for coordination/skilled movement

A

Rapid alternating movements, finger-to-finger, finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin

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24
Q

Reduced reflexes

A

Peripheral problem

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25
Q

Exaggerated reflexes

A

Central problem

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26
Q

Biceps reflex

A

C5/C6; depress biceps tendon

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27
Q

Brachioradialis reflex

A

C5/C6/C7; strike relaxed brachioradialis tendon

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28
Q

Triceps reflex

A

C6/C7/C8; strike triceps tendon with sharp end while forearm is hanging loose at right angle

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29
Q

Patellar reflex

A

L2/L3/L4; strike patellar tendon

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30
Q

Ankle jerk reflex

A

S1/S2; strike Achilles’ tendon of dorsiflexed foot

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31
Q

Abdominal reflex

A

Blunt object stroke from lateral to medial of all quadrants; supine and relaxed

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32
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

Lightly stroke superior and medial part of thigh (male only)

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33
Q

Babinski reflex

A

L4 to S2; sole of foot stimulated with blunt instrument; CNS issues will fan toes if over 2 years of age; response is normal until age of 2

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34
Q

Paralysis

A

Decreased/loss motor nerve power due to problem with motor nerve/muscle fibres

35
Q

Fasciculations

A

Rapid/continuous twitching of resting muscle that can be seen/palpated

36
Q

Tic

A

Involuntary/compulsive/repetitive twitching of muscle group

37
Q

Myoclonus

A

Rapid, sudden jerk at regular intervals.

38
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups; rhythmic back/forth movement of joint(s)

39
Q

Limbic system response to trauma

A

Amygdala signal release of stress hormones

40
Q

Brainstem response to trauma

A

Chronic arousal even without threat resulting in irritability/anger/insomnia, leading to chronic health problems

41
Q

Delayed responses to trauma

A

Persistent fatigue, sleep disorders, nightmares, fear, anxiety, depression, emotional avoidance, sensations

42
Q

Risk factors for PTS

A

Genetics, epigenetics, early life experiences, social disadvantage, trauma severity, community factors

43
Q

Youth violence

A

10-29 years old; often in community settings between acquaintances/strangers; includes bullying and physical assault; gang violence

44
Q

Prevalence of violence against women

A

1/3 women worldwide have been affected, usually by an intimate partner

45
Q

Prevalence of elder abuse

A

1/6 people 60-years or older in community settings per year; 2 in 3 staff report they were abusive

46
Q

Most common types of elder abuse

A

Psychological, then financial, neglect, physical, and sexual

47
Q

Reporting elder abuse

A

Mandatory within long-term care home but not if victim lives in home

48
Q

Social justice

A

Fair distribution of society’s benefits/responsibilities while eliminating root causes

49
Q

Prevalence of poverty in Canada

A

1/7 Canadians live in poverty

50
Q

Life expectancies between poorest and wealthiest community members

A

21-year difference

51
Q

Distal (root) determinants of indigenous health

A

Residential schools, colonialism, Indian Act, and political decision-making

52
Q

Intermediate determinants of indigenous health

A

Economic insecurity, racism, poverty, and inadequate housing

53
Q

Proximal determinants of indigenous health

A

Addiction, heart disease, diabetes

54
Q

Harm reduction

A

Practical strategies to help people lessen negative consequences of certain physical/social behaviours

55
Q

High risk areas for skin conditions

A

HEENT, pressure areas

56
Q

Melasma

A

Hyperpigmentation (especially upper lip and cheeks) occurring in pregnancy

57
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

Waxy, cheese-like coating on skin of newborns

58
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Pigmentation resembling bruising (not at top layer); common in dark-skinned babies

59
Q

Stage 1 pressure ulcer

A
  • Intact skin, non-blanchable redness of localized area
  • Different colour
  • Area may be painful/different temperature
60
Q

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

A
  • Partial thickness loss of dermis
  • Shallow ulcer without slough or bruising
  • Open/ruptured blister
61
Q

Stage 3 pressure ulcer

A
  • Full thickness tissue loss with slough
  • May have visible subq fat
  • May have undermining and tunneling
62
Q

Stage 4 pressure ulcer

A
  • Full thickness tissue loss with slough or eschar
  • Exposed bone/tendon/muscle
  • Undermining and tunneling
63
Q

Calories during pregnancy

A

Extra 350 calories (2nd trimester), extra 450 calories (3rd trimester)

64
Q

Veganism

A

May result in B12 and calcium deficiencies

65
Q

Ketogenic diet

A

May result in acidosis, high cholesterol, constipation

66
Q

Vitamin D with breastfeeding

A

400 IU/day

67
Q

Amount of formula for babies

A

150 ml/kg/day

68
Q

SCOFF questionnaire

A

Checks risk for eating disorders

69
Q

Normal weight gain during pregnancy

A

11.5-16 kg

70
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased ability to form urine (< 400-500 mL/24 hr)

71
Q

Dysuria

A

Pain with urination

72
Q

Polyuria

A

Abnormally large quantity of urine (> 1 mL/kg/hr)

73
Q

Diuresis

A

Artificially increasing excretion of urine

74
Q

Average fluid loss for adult

A

1500-2800 mL per day

75
Q

Clay-coloured stool

A

Malabsorption, hepatitis, gallbladder

76
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Thickened white patch on tongue

77
Q

Depapillated smooth tongue

A

Vitamin/iron deficiency

78
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A

Trypsin/chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase

79
Q

Mini Mental State Exam

A

Not sensitive for vascular/mild dementia; developed for Alzheimer’s; 30 questions; arithmetic/memory/orientation; high score is better

80
Q

Mini Cog

A

Remember 3 words/repeat them, draw clock with specific time, repeat 3 words; 1 point for each recalled word.

81
Q

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

A

Detects cognitive impairment; 30 points; memory recall (STM and delayed) with nouns, visuospatial (CDT, cube), executive functions, attention/working memory (serial subtraction, sustained attention, digits forward/backward), language (naming 3 animals; syntactically-complex sentence repetition, fluency), orientation (time/date/city)

82
Q

RUDAS

A

Designed to minimize effect of language/education/culture on cognitive assessments

83
Q

ASEPTIC physical exam

A

Appearance, speech, emotion, perception, thought content/process, insight, cognition

84
Q

Assessments for delirium

A

Confusion Assessment Method Instrument, I WATCH DEATH (causes)

Nursing 1180 (8 decks)

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