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Nursing 1180 > Full Exam Review > Flashcards

Full Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Number of spinal nerves

A

31

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2
Q

Spinal nerve injury

A

Level of nerve and below will no longer work

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3
Q

SCAT

A

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool used as baseline prior to competitive sport

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4
Q

FAST

A

Face drooping, arm weakness, speech problems, time to call 911 for stroke (especially ischemic)

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5
Q

Requirements for neurological exam

A

Penlight, tongue blade, cotton swab, tuning fork, percussion hammer

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6
Q

Indicators for increased ICP

A

Falling pulse, rising BP, falling respirations, widening pulse pressure, and decreased O2 saturation

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7
Q

Coma according to GCS

A

Score of 8 or below

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8
Q

Receptive aphasia

A
  • Language comprehension
  • Wernicke’s area (temporal)
  • Produced speech makes no sense/cannot write
  • Patient is unaware of problem
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9
Q

Expressive aphasia

A
  • Speech productive
  • Broca’s area (frontal)
  • Can understand but cannot produce
  • Frustrating for patients
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10
Q

CN II lesion

A

Loss of direct light reflex

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11
Q

CN III lesion

A

Loss of consensual light reflex

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12
Q

Light reflex in blind patients

A

No constriction as without sensory input, there will be no motor response

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13
Q

Light reflex in unconscious

A

Should still be a response

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14
Q

Oculomotor/abducens/trochlear nerve tests

A

Hold up finger and have patient follow finger with eyes

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15
Q

Facial nerve motor function test

A

Raise eyebrows, frown, clench eyes, bare teeth, smile, puff out cheeks

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16
Q

Facial nerve sensory function test

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue; lost with loss of motor function

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17
Q

Glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve motor function test

A

Aah uvula, palate rise, gag reflex

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18
Q

Glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve sensory function test

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

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19
Q

Spinal testing

A

Movement/power of arms/legs and for sensation (sharp/dull/vibration sensations) on skin of arms/legs

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20
Q

Tandem walking

A

Toe-to-heel; no need to look at feet or wobble

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21
Q

Romberg’s test

A

Close eyes and stand with feet together; will wobble with cerebellar injury

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22
Q

Pronator drift

A

Test for upper motor neurons

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23
Q

Tests for coordination/skilled movement

A

Rapid alternating movements, finger-to-finger, finger-to-nose, heel-to-shin

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24
Q

Reduced reflexes

A

Peripheral problem

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25
Exaggerated reflexes
Central problem
26
Biceps reflex
C5/C6; depress biceps tendon
27
Brachioradialis reflex
C5/C6/C7; strike relaxed brachioradialis tendon
28
Triceps reflex
C6/C7/C8; strike triceps tendon with sharp end while forearm is hanging loose at right angle
29
Patellar reflex
L2/L3/L4; strike patellar tendon
30
Ankle jerk reflex
S1/S2; strike Achilles’ tendon of dorsiflexed foot
31
Abdominal reflex
Blunt object stroke from lateral to medial of all quadrants; supine and relaxed
32
Cremasteric reflex
Lightly stroke superior and medial part of thigh (male only)
33
Babinski reflex
L4 to S2; sole of foot stimulated with blunt instrument; CNS issues will fan toes if over 2 years of age; response is normal until age of 2
34
Paralysis
Decreased/loss motor nerve power due to problem with motor nerve/muscle fibres
35
Fasciculations
Rapid/continuous twitching of resting muscle that can be seen/palpated
36
Tic
Involuntary/compulsive/repetitive twitching of muscle group
37
Myoclonus
Rapid, sudden jerk at regular intervals.
38
Tremor
Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups; rhythmic back/forth movement of joint(s)
39
Limbic system response to trauma
Amygdala signal release of stress hormones
40
Brainstem response to trauma
Chronic arousal even without threat resulting in irritability/anger/insomnia, leading to chronic health problems
41
Delayed responses to trauma
Persistent fatigue, sleep disorders, nightmares, fear, anxiety, depression, emotional avoidance, sensations
42
Risk factors for PTS
Genetics, epigenetics, early life experiences, social disadvantage, trauma severity, community factors
43
Youth violence
10-29 years old; often in community settings between acquaintances/strangers; includes bullying and physical assault; gang violence
44
Prevalence of violence against women
1/3 women worldwide have been affected, usually by an intimate partner
45
Prevalence of elder abuse
1/6 people 60-years or older in community settings per year; 2 in 3 staff report they were abusive
46
Most common types of elder abuse
Psychological, then financial, neglect, physical, and sexual
47
Reporting elder abuse
Mandatory within long-term care home but not if victim lives in home
48
Social justice
Fair distribution of society’s benefits/responsibilities while eliminating root causes
49
Prevalence of poverty in Canada
1/7 Canadians live in poverty
50
Life expectancies between poorest and wealthiest community members
21-year difference
51
Distal (root) determinants of indigenous health
Residential schools, colonialism, Indian Act, and political decision-making
52
Intermediate determinants of indigenous health
Economic insecurity, racism, poverty, and inadequate housing
53
Proximal determinants of indigenous health
Addiction, heart disease, diabetes
54
Harm reduction
Practical strategies to help people lessen negative consequences of certain physical/social behaviours
55
High risk areas for skin conditions
HEENT, pressure areas
56
Melasma
Hyperpigmentation (especially upper lip and cheeks) occurring in pregnancy
57
Vernix caseosa
Waxy, cheese-like coating on skin of newborns
58
Mongolian spots
Pigmentation resembling bruising (not at top layer); common in dark-skinned babies
59
Stage 1 pressure ulcer
- Intact skin, non-blanchable redness of localized area - Different colour - Area may be painful/different temperature
60
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
- Partial thickness loss of dermis - Shallow ulcer without slough or bruising - Open/ruptured blister
61
Stage 3 pressure ulcer
- Full thickness tissue loss with slough - May have visible subq fat - May have undermining and tunneling
62
Stage 4 pressure ulcer
- Full thickness tissue loss with slough or eschar - Exposed bone/tendon/muscle - Undermining and tunneling
63
Calories during pregnancy
Extra 350 calories (2nd trimester), extra 450 calories (3rd trimester)
64
Veganism
May result in B12 and calcium deficiencies
65
Ketogenic diet
May result in acidosis, high cholesterol, constipation
66
Vitamin D with breastfeeding
400 IU/day
67
Amount of formula for babies
150 ml/kg/day
68
SCOFF questionnaire
Checks risk for eating disorders
69
Normal weight gain during pregnancy
11.5-16 kg
70
Oliguria
Decreased ability to form urine (< 400-500 mL/24 hr)
71
Dysuria
Pain with urination
72
Polyuria
Abnormally large quantity of urine (> 1 mL/kg/hr)
73
Diuresis
Artificially increasing excretion of urine
74
Average fluid loss for adult
1500-2800 mL per day
75
Clay-coloured stool
Malabsorption, hepatitis, gallbladder
76
Leukoplakia
Thickened white patch on tongue
77
Depapillated smooth tongue
Vitamin/iron deficiency
78
Pancreatic enzymes
Trypsin/chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase
79
Mini Mental State Exam
Not sensitive for vascular/mild dementia; developed for Alzheimer’s; 30 questions; arithmetic/memory/orientation; high score is better
80
Mini Cog
Remember 3 words/repeat them, draw clock with specific time, repeat 3 words; 1 point for each recalled word.
81
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Detects cognitive impairment; 30 points; memory recall (STM and delayed) with nouns, visuospatial (CDT, cube), executive functions, attention/working memory (serial subtraction, sustained attention, digits forward/backward), language (naming 3 animals; syntactically-complex sentence repetition, fluency), orientation (time/date/city)
82
RUDAS
Designed to minimize effect of language/education/culture on cognitive assessments
83
ASEPTIC physical exam
Appearance, speech, emotion, perception, thought content/process, insight, cognition
84
Assessments for delirium
Confusion Assessment Method Instrument, I WATCH DEATH (causes)

Nursing 1180 (8 decks)

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