Full Breakdown Of Digesting Food (Must Be Done In Progressive Mode) Flashcards
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Determine the macro molecules of the meal
Eggs- Pure protein
Toast- pure carbohydrates
Avocado- pure fats
Milk- lactose
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Starting in the mouth describe the process
Food enters the mouth
Mechanical digestion starts by chewing and grinding food
Chemical digestion starts by the reales of salivary amylase from the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands (salivary glands). Salivary amylase break down some of the starch (carbohydrates) into maltose
The process of hydrolysis also occurs which is the break down of a molecule into smaller parts with the addition of a water molecule
Salivary glands will also release saliva which will help form the food into a ball called bolus
Bolus is pushed back into the pharynx and epiglottis flap is closed, blocking off the trachea
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Describe the process in the esphogus
Starting with the upper esphoguel sphincter, it will open allowing bolus to pass through
The esphogus uses peristalsis which is the contraction of cardiac and longtuidal muscles, pushing bolus down
Esophagus will secrect mucus to help push bolus down
Ending with the lower esphoguel sphincter also known as the cardiac sphincter, this sphincter will control the movement of bolus into stomach and prevents back flow of acids and chyme into esophagus (this process causes acid reflux and heartburn)
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Describe the process in the stomach
Stomach is lined with rugea which is ridges in teh stomach helping the expansion when bolus enters
There are 3 types of muscles to help with the mechinal digestion (churning), circular, longitudeal and oblique muscles
Bolus mixes with gastric juices and is now chyme
Gastric juices are a mix of HCl which activates enzymes and kills bacteria, pepsin which is a mix of HCl and pepsinogen and will break down proteins, there is also mucus to help line the stomach and protect for HCl and pepsin
Gastrin is the hormone realsing gastric juices
The chemical digestion in the stomach is Protein will break down by pepsin into polypeptides which is chains of amino acids
Chyme will go the pyloric sphincter which controls movement into the duodenum
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Describe the process in the small intestine DOUDENUM
Once entered the small intestine, the pH level will change from the stomach acidic 2 level to a more basic level such as 7-8 by a hormone called secretin which is activations pancreatic cells such as bicarbonate
Carbohydrates/ starch will be broken down by pancreatic amylase such as carbohydrase into maltose
Proteins will be further broken down by 3 enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrispin and carboxypeptidase turning polypeptides into simpler peptides
Large fat globules will by emulsified by bile salts and bile into smaller fat globules
Bile/ bile salts are made from the liver but stored/realsed by the gal bladder
Smaller fat globules/triglcerides will be broken down by lipase into glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Nucleic acids will be broken down by pancreatic enzymes. RNA breakers don’t by ribonluerase inot ribonucleotides and DNA is broken down by deoxyrblelase into deoxyribonedtides
There are villi and micro villi lining the doudemoun to absorb nutrients
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Scribe the process of small intestine JEJUNM
Villi and micro villi line the jejunm to help with absorption
Carbohydrates are further broken down, sucrose is broken down by surcrase into glucose and fructose
Lactose is broken down by lactase inot glucose and galactose
Malotose is broken down by maltase into 2 glucose
Protein is further broken down, simpler peptides break down by aminopetiade into trypeptides
Trypeptides break down by tripeptidase into a dipeptide and 1 amino acid
Dipeptides break down by dipeptidase into 2 amino acids
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Describe the small intestine ILEUM
Villi and micro villi line the ileum for final absorption into the circulartory system
Chyme is now pushed into the large intestine
The small intestine uses peristalsis all throughout all 3 parts to push chyme through
Meal #1- Eggs, Toast, Avocado and a glass of Milk
Describe the process of the large intestine
Starting with the the ileoceacal valve the chyme will enter the cecum and absoption of water and electrolytes begin
The colon as 4 parts such as ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon
Colon absorbs water, vitamins and minerals
Colon also has E.Coli to help produce vitamins such as B12 and K
Chyme turns into feces which contains dead bacteria, cellouse which is un
