Diversity Test Flashcards
1
Q
What are heterotrophs
A
Species that cannot produce their own food
2
Q
What are autotrophs
A
Species that can create their own food
3
Q
What are inter specific interactions
A
Organisms relying on species
4
Q
Examples of interspecies interactions
A
Food supply
Protection
Transportation
Reproduction
Hygiene
Digestion
5
Q
What are symbolic relationships
A
Mutualism -both species benefit
Commensalism- one species benefits the other isn’t affected
Parasitism- 1 species benefits while the other is negatively affected
6
Q
What does biotic mean
A
Living things
7
Q
What does abiotic mean
A
Non living things
8
Q
What is taxonomy
A
Classifying an organism
9
Q
What is the taxonomy hierarchy
A
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
10
Q
What is an eukaryote
A
A cell with a nucleus
11
Q
What is a prokaryote
A
A cell without a necleus
12
Q
What are the domains
A
Bacteria
Archea
Eurkayra
13
Q
What are the kingdoms
A
Eubacteria -belonging to bacteria
Archea- belonging to arecha
Protista -belonging to eukarya
Plantea- belonging to eukarya
Animinlia- belonging to eukarya
Fungi- belonging to eukarya
14
Q
What is phylogenetic
A
Reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among organisms
15
Q
What is homoglus structures
A
Different function
Similar structure
16
Q
What is analogous
A
Same function
Different structure
17
Q
What is a node
A
Branching point
18
Q
What is a Clade
A
A group off species on the tree sharing a common ancestor
19
Q
What is species diversity
A
Varies of species within an area
20
Q
What is genetic diversity
A
Variety of genes and genetic makeup within an area of speacies
21
Q
What is ecosystem diversity
A
Variety of ecosystem within an area
22
Q
Who created binomial nomenclature
A
Carlos Linnaeus
23
Q
What does a dichotomous key do
A
Identifys organism
24
Q
What is defining species morphological
A
Based on appearance and study of structure
25
What is defining a species biologically
Based on behaviours and ability’s to mate
26
What is defining speacies phylogeneticly
Based on the evolutionary relationships and development
27
What is anatomical evidence
Physical characteristics
28
What is physiological evidence
Functions of an organism and the proteins they make
29
What is DNA evidence
Refers to similarities in genes
30
Describe prokaryotic cells
No membrane bound nuclear
“Before the nucleus”
Unicellular
Bacteria and Archea
31
Describe Eukaryotic cells
“True Nucles”
Has membrane bound nucleus
Unicellular and multicellular
Protist, Planeta, Animinla, Fungi
32
What are the Dormains
Eukarya
Archea
Bacteria
33
Describe Eukarya
Multicellular/ unicellular
Kingdoms protist, Plantea, fungi, aninimla
34
Describe bacteria structure
Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (carbohydrates)
Plasma membrane around cytoplasm
Ribosomes used in protein synthesis
Pilli and flagella used for movement
Plasmid
A capsule surrounds some bacteria to protect from virus and antibiotic
35
What is a plasmid
Small loop of DNA carries small amounts of genes
36
How does bacteria get their nutrients
Photosynthesis, chemosythesis, decomposition and symbiosis
37
What are teh shapes of bacteria
Spheres - cocci
Rods - bacci
Spiral- spirilla
38
What is bacterial asexual reproduction
Binary fission
39
Describe binary fission and the process
- the process of 1 cell making 2 daughter cells
Process
DNA attaches to the cell membrane and replicates
Cell membrane begins to grow and cell elongates
2 DNA molecules pull apart
Plasma membranes/wall material grows in through the septum
Cytoplasm sperates
40
What is bacterial sexual reproduction
Conjugation
41
Describe conjugation and its process
Bacteria increase genetic diversity by aging new DNA
This is to adapt to a new environment and becomes resistant to antibiotics
Process
1 cell passes through a copy of plasmid to near by cell through a bridge called the pillus
Cell #2 makes contact with pillus
Plasmid transfer
Pillus disconnects
42
Explain bacteria transformation
Occurs when a cell picks up a loose fragment of DNA
43
Explain endoposres
Dormant cells
Resistance to extreme conditions
Structure forms around chromosomes when cell is under stress
44
Virus classification
They are not cells
They invade cells
Made of proteins and nucleic acids
45
Describe virus structure
Capsid
- protein coat enclose nucleic acid
- provides virions to attach to host cell
Nucleic Acid
- encodes genetic info
- most use RNA
- few use DNA
Envelope
- similar to cell membrane
- gylocoproteins stud the evoleop
- glycoprotein essential to attach host cell
46
What are the types of virus reproduction
Lytic cycle and lysogentic cycle
47
What is the lytic cycle
Bacteriophage attaches to host cell DNA
Forces host cells enzyme to make copies of virus DNA/RNA
Virus protiens and nucleic acids assemble in host cell making copies of the virus
Copies and infect new cells
48
What is the lysogentic cycle
Viral genes are incorporated within DNA making a provirus
Provisus invades and not kills
Bacterium grows and divides normally making many copies and the virus DNA
When DNA becomes active, the lytic cycle starts
49
What are pirons
Infectious particals
Proteins found in the body
Lack DNA/ RNA
Causes damage to nerve cells in the brain
50
What is biotechnology
Gene therapy interest genetic material of a virus and it copies
51
Describe the kingdom fungi’s structure
Hyphae
- thin cells sperated by a septum
- present in the mycelluim
- nuteriant aposbtion
Mycelluim
- branching network of hyphae under soil
- main bulk of fungus
52
Describe fungi reproduction
Asexual fragmentation
- hyphae branches off fungus and new mycelluim grows
Asexual budding
- cell grows and clones then cells de attaches
Sexual sporulation
- formation of spores
- spores relase in the air
53
What is lichen
Fungus found on rocks
It is a mutualism relationship between fungus and rock
54
In kingdom plantea what are seeds
Plant organ
Contains embryo
Used for food supply
Fertization
55
In kingdom plantea what is a sphere
Reproductive cell
Produces new organism
56
In kingdom plantea what is gymnoserms
Develops in vascular tissue and extends through the stem
Produces exposed seed
57
What is angiosperm
Produces seed covered by fruits
Provides food and attracts pollinators
58
What are vertbrates
Species in kingdom animilia that contain a back bone
59
What are ivertbretes
Species in kingdom animilia that do not contain and backbone
60
What are the anatomical features of kingdom animilia
Membrane bound nucleus
Diverse tissue
Different shapes
Not organized
Multicellular
61
What are eukarotytic evolution
The eukaryote began from the prokaryote
Emdosymbosis made a mitochondria and chloplast creating the eukaryote cell
62
What is endosymbiosis
When 1 cell lives within another type of cell
63
What are the characteristics of a protist
Uni/multi cellular
Anything not fitting into fungi, plantea, and animilia
64
How do protist move
Through pseudopodia
- creeping slowly stemming by the cytoplasm
Through cilia
- shorts hair like structures
Through flagella
- tail whipping to move
65
How do protists reproduce
Through binary fission
66
Describe and example of animal like protist
Hetropohs
Called Protza
Unicellular
Parastdic
Example- ambea
67
Describe and example of plant like protist
Aquatic
Autophrphs
Contains a chloroplast
Ex algae
68
Describe and example of fungus like protist
69
Describe and example of fungus like protist
Moist environments
Autotrophs
Example - slime moulds
70
What is algae’s like to protist and plantae kingdom
Alegea is in kingdom prostia
Algae are autophic by photosynthesis
They lack roots and stems and leaves
They contain chlorophyll, but other pigments to create brown and red algae
71
What is the process of a mosquito bite
An animal like protist, plasmodium, are carried by mosquitoes
Process
- mosquito bites human
- the parasites, sporozilotes, will infect the human
-parasites travel to liver and multiply forming merozloties
- merozlites get to bloodstream and infect red blood cells
- if a non infect misquoto bites and infected person, the new mosquito will be infected
72
What is gram staining
A test to indetifiy the type of bacteria, and if it has a lot of peptiogycan or little
73
What does a gram positive stain mean and look like
It will be purple on the first stain and has a lot of peptogylcan
74
What does a gram negative stain mean and look liek
Stain will be reddish pink on the second stain and has a little peptiogycan
75
What is the process of gram staining
Step 1- apply primary stain, if stain is purple it is gram positive
Step 2- apply second stain, if stain is reddish pink it is gram negative
76
What is peptogylcan
It is a compant in the cell all of bacteria, composed of amino acids and sugar to shape cell and protect cell
