Fuels And Heats Of Reaction

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

Saturated compound

Answer 2

Only single carbon bonds

Question 3

Unsaturated compound

Answer 3

Contains at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond

Question 4

Structural isomers

Answer 4

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 5

Aliphatic

Answer 5

An organic compound that consists of straight chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds with similar properties

Question 6

Aromatic

Answer 6

An organic compound that contains a benzene ring structure

Question 7

Octane number

Answer 7

Measure if the tendency of a fuel to resist knocking

Question 8

Catalytic cracking

Answer 8

The breaking down of long chain hydrocarbon molecules into short chain molecules by heat and catalysts

Question 9

Auto-ignition

Answer 9

The early explosion of a petrol-air mixture caused by increasing pressure in the engine

Question 10

Exothermic reaction

Answer 10

A reaction that produces heat

Negative delta h

Question 11

Endothermic reaction

Answer 11

A reaction that takes in heat

Positive delta h

Question 12

Heat of reaction

Answer 12

Heat change involved when the numbers of moles of reactants indicated in the balanced equation for the reaction to react completely

Question 13

Heat of combustion

Answer 13

The heat change involved when one mole of a substance is completely burned in excess oxygen

Question 14

Kilogram calorific value

Answer 14

The heat energy produced when one kg of fuel is completely burned in oxygen

Question 15

Bond energy

Answer 15

The energy required to break one mole of covalent bonds and to separate the neutral atoms completely from each other

Question 16

Heat of neutralisation

Answer 16

The heat change involved when one mole of H+ ions from an acid reacts with one mole of OH- from a base forming one mole of H2O

Question 17

Heat of formation

Answer 17

The heat energy involved when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its elements in their standard states

Question 18

Hess’s law

Answer 18

If a chemical reaction takes place in a number of stages, the sum of the heat changes in the separate stages is equal to the heat change if the reaction is carried out in one stage

Question 19

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 19

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form of energy to another