Acids and Bases Flashcards
Arrhenious acid
A substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
Arrhenious base
A substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Bronsted Lowry acid
A proton donator
Bronsted Lowry base
A proton acceptor
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and a base forming a salt and water
Conjugate acid
formed when a base accepts a proton
Conjugate base
formed when an acid donates a proton
Conjugate pair
An acid and a base that differ by a proton
Primary standard
A substance of high Relative Molecular Mass which can be obtained in a pure stable soluble solid form
so that it can be weighed out
and dissolved in water to give a solution of known concentration
Titration
A laboratory procedure
where a measured volume of one solution is added to a known volume of another solution until the reaction is complete
pH
-log[H+]
Kw
[H+].[OH-]
Strong acid
Good proton donor or is fully dissociated into ions in a dilute aqueous solution
Weak acid
Poor proton donor or slightly dissociated into ions in a dil. aq. soln.
Strong base
A good proton acceptor or one which fully dissociated into ions in a dil. aq. soln.
Weak base
A poor proton acceptor or one which is slightly dissociated in a dil. aq. soln.
Indicator
A substance that changes colour according to the pH of the solution it’s in
Methyl Orange: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: red
Base: yellow
Range: pH 3-5
Useful: strong acid involved
Phenolphthalein: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: colourless
Base: pink
Range: pH 8-11
Useful: strong base involved
Litmus: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: red
Base: blue
Range: 5-8
Useful: only when both strong acids and bases are involved. Not as reliable as others for accuracy
Solution
A completely perfect mixture of a solute and a solvent, where the particles are hommogenous
Concentration
The amount of solute that is dissolved in a given volume of solution
Molarity
The number of moles of solute per litre of solution
Monobasic acid
An acid which donates one proton per molecule
Dibasic acid
Donates two protons per molecule
Tribasic acid
Donates three protons per molecule
