Acids and Bases Flashcards
(26 cards)
Arrhenious acid
A substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions
Arrhenious base
A substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Bronsted Lowry acid
A proton donator
Bronsted Lowry base
A proton acceptor
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and a base forming a salt and water
Conjugate acid
formed when a base accepts a proton
Conjugate base
formed when an acid donates a proton
Conjugate pair
An acid and a base that differ by a proton
Primary standard
A substance of high Relative Molecular Mass which can be obtained in a pure stable soluble solid form
so that it can be weighed out
and dissolved in water to give a solution of known concentration
Titration
A laboratory procedure
where a measured volume of one solution is added to a known volume of another solution until the reaction is complete
pH
-log[H+]
Kw
[H+].[OH-]
Strong acid
Good proton donor or is fully dissociated into ions in a dilute aqueous solution
Weak acid
Poor proton donor or slightly dissociated into ions in a dil. aq. soln.
Strong base
A good proton acceptor or one which fully dissociated into ions in a dil. aq. soln.
Weak base
A poor proton acceptor or one which is slightly dissociated in a dil. aq. soln.
Indicator
A substance that changes colour according to the pH of the solution it’s in
Methyl Orange: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: red
Base: yellow
Range: pH 3-5
Useful: strong acid involved
Phenolphthalein: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: colourless
Base: pink
Range: pH 8-11
Useful: strong base involved
Litmus: in acid; in base; range; when?
Acid: red
Base: blue
Range: 5-8
Useful: only when both strong acids and bases are involved. Not as reliable as others for accuracy
Solution
A completely perfect mixture of a solute and a solvent, where the particles are hommogenous
Concentration
The amount of solute that is dissolved in a given volume of solution
Molarity
The number of moles of solute per litre of solution
Monobasic acid
An acid which donates one proton per molecule
