Fuels Flashcards
What are Hydrocarbons?
Any compound made up of Hydrogen and Carbon ONLY
What are the two types of Hydrocarbons?
-Alkene
-Alkane
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a finite (non-renewable) resource found in rocks. It’s remains of an ancient biomass (mass of living stuff) mainly plankton buried in sediment
What type of hydrocarbons is mainly in crude oil?
Alkanes
Properties of Alkane and its formula
-simplest type of hydrocarbon
-They all have single bonds
-Formula= CnH2n+2
-The longer the length of the Carbon chain the higher the boiling point
Trends in Fractions/ alkanes
-shorter carbon chains= lower boiling points, more volatile (evaporates easily), more flammable (gas in room temperature due to low boiling point
-Longer carbon chains= higher boiling point, less volatile (harder to evaporate) and less flammable (4 or more carbons= liquid or gas depending how long the chain in room temperature)
Why are Hydrocarbons main use fuel?
They release a lot of energy when burnt with oxygen= Exothermic
Complete Combustion formula
CnH2n+2 + O2—> CO2 + H2O
Hydrocarbons + oxygen—> Carbon dioxide plus water
(Oxidation= combining with oxygen)
What are the first 4 Alkanes in the Hydrocarbon series?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
What is Fractional Distillation?
-Heating up crude oil in order to separate different compounds to be used for different things based on unique qualities.
Why does Fractional Distillation work?
All the compounds in the crude oil have different boiling points so will condense into a liquid.
How does a Fractional Column Work?
The Hot gas will travel up the column and as soon as they reach a region with a lower temperature than their boiling point they will condense into a liquid to be used for their specific purpose.
What does using a Fractional Column show us about Hydrocarbon with long chains?
The hydrocarbons with the longest chains have the highest boiling points so will quickly condense to a liquid and drain out early on as it’s not hot enough to keep them in their gas sate. (Bitumen and heavy fuel oil)
What does using a Fractional Column show us about Hydrocarbon with short chains?
Shorter chain hydrocarbons have much lower boiling points=stay as a gas for much longer rising up the column before condensing when reaching a cool enough temperature (diesel, Kerosene and Petrel)
Which compound stays as a gas through fractional distillation due to its extremely low boiling point?
LPG (contains butane and propane= short chain alkanes)
Why do longer chains need more heat to break?
The longer the chain the more intermolecular forces so the more energy required to break them up= more heat
Use of Bitumen
For roads and roofs
Heavy fuel oil use
Ships and powers stations
Diesel oil use?
Cars and trains
Kerosene use?
For aircraft
Petrol use?
For cars
LPG use?
domestic cooking and cleaning
