fuels Flashcards
what is crude oil?
It’s a fossil fuel made of remain of dead plants and dead animals
how can you separate crude oil?
Fractional distillation
First two steps of fractional distillation
Feed oil into chamber and heat until most of it is a gas
Pass it into a fractionating column
Is the top part of the fractionating column cool or hot?
It’s cool
What type of fuels will go to the top of a fractionating column?
fuels with a low boiling point point
most flammable fuels
Fuel, we use the most 
what type of fuel go to the bottom of the fractionating column?
fuel with high boiling points
Longer carbon chains
last steps of fractional distillation
When a few reaches a region that is a lower temperature than its boiling point, it condenses into a liquid
Order of fuels in fractionating column
Gas
petrol
kerosene
Diesel
lubricating oil
fuel oil
Bitumen
what is gas and petrol used for?
Gas – domestic heating and cooking
Petrol, – fuel for cars
what are kerosene and diesel used for?
Kerosene – aircraft/jet fuel
Diesel oil, trains and lorries
what is fuel oil and bitumen used for?
fuel, oil – ships and power stations
Bitumen – surface roads and roofs
What is cracking?
A thermal, decomposition reaction
Where longer chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller more useful ,hydrocarbons
Catalytic cracking
Heat and vaporise hydrocarbon
Pass vapour over aluminium oxide powder
As it comes into contact, it breaks into smaller hydrocarbons
What is steam cracking?
heat and vaporise hydrocarbon
mix with steam
Heat to a high temperature, which causes them to split into shorter, chain, hydrocarbons 
Equation for cracking
Long chain➡️ Short chained hydrocarbon + Alkene
