Fuctional Anatomy Flashcards
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle control many of the automatic movements that occur within our body.
Involuntary, less powerful
Cardiac muscle
The heart
Common characteristics as smooth and skeletal
Involuntary
Isometric contractions
Non- movement contractions
Eg exercise - plank, sport - gymnastics during a handstand.
Skeletal mucles
Skeletal muscles move the body, attached to the skeleton and contact with voluntary nerve impulses
Extremely powerful
Contact with great force in short time
Origin and insertion of muscles
?Origin- The origin of a muscle is the muscle attached to the relatively fixed bone of its joint. The point of attachment of a muscle remains relatively fix during contraction.
?Insertion - the insertion of a muscle is the end of muscle attached to the freely moving bone
flexion
bending, decreasing the angle of the joint. e.g. bending leg.
Extension
straightening, increasing the angle of the joint. e.g. straightening arm
Rotation
Moving a body part inwards or outwards, pivoting on its axis eg neck.
Circumduction
cone shaped rotation around a body part. e.g. shoulder, rotating arm.
adduction
returns a body part to midline
abduction
takes a body part away from midline
pronation
moving hands palm down
supination
moving hands palm up
eversion
tilting ankle outwards
inversion
tilting ankle inwards
Agonist (prime mover)
The muscle that instigates movement by contracting
Antagonist
The muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract.
Slow and fast twitch
- relates to the speed of which they can be contract
? fast twitch - white ANAEROBIC - explosive eg. Sprint
? slow twitch - red AEROBIC - endurance eg. Marathon
Contractibility of muscles
Muscles cell can react to a stimulus by shortening, or decreasing their overall length
Extensibility of muscles
The ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended without damaging tissue
Elasticity of muscles
The ability of cells, surface and objects to give and then return to their original state or shape
