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Tech102 > FSL Cell Biology Playlist > Flashcards

FSL Cell Biology Playlist Flashcards

1
Q

L1: What is another name for Plant and Animal cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells.

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2
Q

L1-3F: What do 3 things Eukaryotic cells contain?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
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3
Q

L1: What is another name for Bacteria Cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells.

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4
Q

L1: What 4 things do Prokaryotic cells contain?

A
  • Bacteria cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Loops of DNA
  • Plasmids
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5
Q

L1: What is the function of the Nucleus and do Prokaryotic cells have them?

A

To enclose genetic information/ DNA.
No, they have loops of DNA and plasmids instead.

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6
Q

Describe the term ‘Centi’

A

Centi = 1/100
1cm = 1/100 of a metre.
1cm = 1 x10^-2 m.

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7
Q

Describe the term ‘milli’

A

Milli = 1/1000
1mm = 1/1000 metre.
1mm = 1 x 10^-3 m.

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8
Q

Describe the term ‘micro’

A

Micro = 1/1,000,000
1 micrometer is 1/1,000,000 metre.
1um = 1 x 10^-6 m. (micrometer)

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9
Q

Define the term ‘nano’

A

Nano = 1/1,000,000,000
1 nanometer is 1/1,000,000,000 metre
1nm = 1 x 10^-9 m.

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10
Q

L3: What can The Order of Magnitude be described as?

A

1 Order of Magnitude is 10x.

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11
Q

L3: How does one determine The Order of Magnitude?

A

By the number of 0’s.

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12
Q

L3: Give an three examples of this method (number of 0’s)

A

10x = 1 OoM
100x = 2OoM
1000x = 3OoM

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13
Q

L3-PQ: A fox is around 40cm long. A tick living on a fox is around 0.4cm long. How many OoM is the fox longer than the tick?

A

40/ 0.4 = 100 —-> 2OoM
The fox is 2OoM longer than the tick.

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14
Q

L4: What is the function of the nucleus?

A

To enclose genetic information.

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15
Q

L4-FTS: Cytoplasm is the site of…

A

Chemical reactions.

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16
Q

L4: What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

A

To control what comes in and out of the cell.

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17
Q

L4-FTS: Mitochondria is the site of….

A

Aerobic respiration.

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18
Q

L4-FTS: Ribosomes are the site of…..

A

Protein synthesis.

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19
Q

L5-ToF: Plant cells have a regular shape.

A

True.

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20
Q

L5-ToF: Animal cells have a regular shape.

A

False.

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21
Q

L5: What does the Chloroplast contain?

A

Chlorophyll.

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22
Q

L5-FTS: Chloroplast is the site of….

A

Photosynthesis.

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23
Q

L5: What is the Cell Wall made from?

A

Cellulose.

24
Q

L5: What is the function of the Cell Wall?

A

It strengthens the cell.

25
Q

L5: What does the Permanent Vacuole contain?

A

Cell sap.

26
Q

L5: How does the cell sap in the Permanent Vacuole aid the cell?

A

It maintains the cells shape.

27
Q

L6-3F: Give 3 facts of Animal Cell Specialisation

A
  • Most animal cells are specialised
  • They have adaptions to aid their specific functions
  • When cells become specialised it is called differentiation
28
Q

L6: What is the Job of the Sperm Cell?

A

To join with an ovum (egg).

29
Q

L6-F: Give 4 adaptations of the Sperm Cell and their purpose

A
  • Nucleus
  • Long Tail = aids swimming to the ovum
  • Mitochondria = provides energy for swimming
  • Enzymes = digests their way through the outer layer of the ovum
30
Q

L6: What is the function of the Nerve Cell?

A

To send electrical impulses around the body.

31
Q

L6-F: Give 4 adaptations of the Nerve Cell and their purpose

A
  • Axon = transfers electrical impulses from one part to another (of the body)
  • Myelin = insulates axon to speed up transmission
  • Synapses = junctions allows easy passage of impulses from one nerve cell to another
  • Dendrites = increases surface area for easy connection
32
Q

L6-ToF: muscle cells contract (get shorter)

A

True.

33
Q

L6-F: Give 2 adaptations of the Muscle Cell and their purposes

A
  • When the muscle cell contracts protein fibres shorten, decreasing cell length
  • Mitochondria for energy for muscle contraction
34
Q

L7: What is the purpose of the Root Hair Cell?

A

To allow the easy passage of minerals and water.

35
Q

L7-F: Give 2 factors of the Root Hair Cell and explain their adaptations

A
  • Root Hair, increases the surface area of the root to allow the easy passage of liquid
  • They do not contain Chloroplasts (Site of Photosynthesis) as it is underground
36
Q

L7: What is the purpose of the Xylem Cell?

A

It carries water and dissolved minerals from the stem to the leaves.

37
Q

L7-F: Give 2 factors that aid the function of the Xylem Cell

A
  • Thick walls made of Lignin to support the plant
  • Broken end walls to create a tube for easy passage of liquids
38
Q

L7: What 4 things do Xylem cells lack for easier water flow?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplast
39
Q

L7: What is the purpose of the Phloem Cell?

A

To carry dissolved sugars throughout the plant, specifically up and down the plant.

40
Q

L7-F: Give 2 factors that support the purpose of the Phloem cell then expand more on Companion Cells and their link to Phloem Vassal Cells

A
  • Sieve Plates have pores allow dissolved sugars pass through the cell interior
  • Phloem Vassal Cells have no nucleus and limited cytoplasm which leads to little mitochondria

EXTRA
- Phloem Vassal Cells have Companion Cells connected by pores, the mitochondria in the Companion cells provide energy for the Phloem Vassal Cell

41
Q

L8: State the 7 variables of an Optical Microscope and their purposes

A
  • Stage, where the microscope slide is placed
  • Clips, to hold the slide in place
  • Lamp, light passes up through the slide
  • (above the stage) Objective lenses with a magnification of 4x, 10x & 40x
  • (at the top of the microscope) the eyepiece along with the eyepiece lens with the magnification of 10x
  • Coarse Focussing Dial
  • Fine Focussing Dial
42
Q

L8: Explain in 7 steps How to Use an Optical Microscope

A

1) Place the slide onto the stage
2) Use the clips to hold the slide in place
3) Select the lowest power objective lens |4x|
4) Slowly turn Coarse Focussing Dial till the objective lens almost touches the slide
5) Look down through the eyepiece
6) Again, turn the CFD to increase the distance of the objective lens & the slide till the cells come into focus
7) Next, use the Fine Focussing Dial to bring the cells into clearer focus

43
Q

L8: How do you calculate the total magnification?

A

MAGNIFICATION EYEPIECE LENS x MAGNIFICATION OBJECTIVE LENS = TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

[EPM x OBT MAG]
[10X * 4X]

44
Q

L8-FTS: Some Optical Microscopes differ from other optical microscopes by having a mirror instead of a lamp…

A

To reflect light up through the microscope slide.

45
Q

L9: What are the main 2 weaknesses of the light microscope?

A
  • Limited Resolution
  • Limited Magnification
46
Q

L9: what were light microscopes mainly used for?

A

To explore the interior of cells.

47
Q

L9: What is the formula for magnification?

A

Magnification = Size of the Image / Size of the Real Objects

48
Q

L9: What is the universal formula for Magnification?

A

Size of Image
Magnification x Size of Real Object

49
Q

L9-PQ: Use a ruler to measure this image size of the nucleus in mm.
The diameter of the real nucleus is 0.01mm and the image is 35mm.

A

Mag = 35/0.01 = 4500x

50
Q

L9-PQ: measure the length of the cell shown. The magnification is 2000x and the real image is 87mm. Find the size of the real object.

A

RO = Image/ Mag ——> RO = 87/2000 = 0.0435mm

51
Q

L10: How many pairs of chromosomes does the human body have?

A

23 pairs.

52
Q

L10-FTS: Gametes have ___ single chromosomes.

A

23.

53
Q

L10: Describe the purpose of chromosomes

A

Chromosomes carry large amounts of genes which determine our features.

54
Q

L10: What are the 2 types of cell division?

A

Mitosis & Meiosis.

55
Q

L10: Describe the 3 main stages of Mitosis

A

1| DNA replicates to form 2 copies, the cell grows and the ribosomes and mitochondria is copied
2| The end of the chromosome is pulled to the edge of the cell, the nucleus divides
3| Cytoplasm and Cell membrane divide to form 2 identical daughter cells from the parent cell.

56
Q

L10: What 3 things is Mitosis important for?

A

1| Asexual Reproduction
2| Bodily Repairs
3| Cell growth & multicellular organisms

Tech102 (5 decks)

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