CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS Flashcards
What is meant by Active Transport?
The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient, using energy from respiration.
What is meant by Adult Stem Cell?
A type of stem cell which can form into any cell.
What is meant by Agar Jelly?
A substance that is placed on Petri dishes to culture microorganisms.
What is meant by Cell Differentiation?
The process where a cell becomes specialised to its specific function.
What is meant by Cell Membrane?
A partially permeable barrier which surrounds the cell.
What is meant by Cell Wall?
An outer layer of cellulose the reinforces plant cells.
What is meant by Chloroplast?
An organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.
What is meant by Chromosomes?
DNA structures made up of genes, that are found in the nucleus.
What is meant by the Concentration Gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas.
What is meant by Diffusion?
The dispersing of particles of any substance in any solution or particles in a gas, this results in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is meant by Embryonic Stem Cell?
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.
What is meant by Eukaryotic Cell?
A type of cell found in plant and animals that contains a nucleus.
What is meant by Magnification?
How much bigger an object appears compared to the original object.
What is meant by Meristematic Cells?
A stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.
What is meant by Mitochondria?
An organelle which is the site of respiration.
What is meant by Mitosis?
A type of cell division which produces two different identical daughter cells from one parent.
What is meant by Nucleus?
An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.
What is meant by Organelle?
A specialised structure found in a cell.
What is meant by Osmosis?
The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane.
What is meant by Plasmid?
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
What is meant by Prokaryotic Cell?
A type of cell found in bacteria that does not have a nucleus.
What is meant by Resolution?
The ability to acknowledge two different points in a specimen.
What is meant by Specialised Cells?
Cells that are adapted to its specific function.
What is meant by Stem Cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.
