CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS

Question 1

What is meant by Active Transport?

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient, using energy from respiration.

Question 2

What is meant by Adult Stem Cell?

Answer 2

A type of stem cell which can form into any cell.

Question 3

What is meant by Agar Jelly?

Answer 3

A substance that is placed on Petri dishes to culture microorganisms.

Question 4

What is meant by Cell Differentiation?

Answer 4

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its specific function.

Question 5

What is meant by Cell Membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable barrier which surrounds the cell.

Question 6

What is meant by Cell Wall?

Answer 6

An outer layer of cellulose the reinforces plant cells.

Question 7

What is meant by Chloroplast?

Answer 7

An organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

What is meant by Chromosomes?

Answer 8

DNA structures made up of genes, that are found in the nucleus.

Question 9

What is meant by the Concentration Gradient?

Answer 9

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 10

What is meant by Diffusion?

Answer 10

The dispersing of particles of any substance in any solution or particles in a gas, this results in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 11

What is meant by Embryonic Stem Cell?

Answer 11

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.

Question 12

What is meant by Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 12

A type of cell found in plant and animals that contains a nucleus.

Question 13

What is meant by Magnification?

Answer 13

How much bigger an object appears compared to the original object.

Question 14

What is meant by Meristematic Cells?

Answer 14

A stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 15

What is meant by Mitochondria?

Answer 15

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 16

What is meant by Mitosis?

Answer 16

A type of cell division which produces two different identical daughter cells from one parent.

Question 17

What is meant by Nucleus?

Answer 17

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 18

What is meant by Organelle?

Answer 18

A specialised structure found in a cell.

Question 19

What is meant by Osmosis?

Answer 19

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane.

Question 20

What is meant by Plasmid?

Answer 20

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 21

What is meant by Prokaryotic Cell?

Answer 21

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not have a nucleus.

Question 22

What is meant by Resolution?

Answer 22

The ability to acknowledge two different points in a specimen.

Question 23

What is meant by Specialised Cells?

Answer 23

Cells that are adapted to its specific function.

Question 24

What is meant by Stem Cell?

Answer 24

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.

Question 25

What is meant by Surface Area?

Answer 25

The amount of contact that an object has with its environment.

Question 26

What is meant by Surface Area to Volume Ratio (SA:V)?

Answer 26

The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment.

Question 27

What is meant by The Cell Cycle?

Answer 27

A series of stages preparing for cell division.

Question 28

What is meant by Therapeutic Cloning?

Answer 28

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

Question 29

What is meant by Vacuole?

Answer 29

An organelle that stores cell sap.