CELL STRUCTURE Flashcards
What are two types of cells?
Prokaryotic (bacteria) & Eukaryotic (plants and animals)
What are their differences?
Prokaryotic Cells are much smaller.
Eukaryotic Cells have membrane based organelles and a nucleus.
What are Prokaryotic Cell Walls composed of?
Peptidoglycan.
How is genetic info stored in a Prokaryotic cell?
Found free within cytoplasm as:
Chromosomal DNA (one loop of DNA)
Plasmid DNA
What are Plasmids?
Small circular loops of DNA found free in cytoplasm separately from main DNA
Carries genes that provide genetic advantages e.g antibiotic resistance
What is The Order of Magnitude?
A power with the base of 10 used to quantify and compare size.
What is a centimetre (cm)?
1 x 10^-2 meters
What is a millimetre (mm)?
1 x 10^-3 meters
What is a micrometer?
1 x 10^-6 meters
What is a nanometer (nm)?
1 x 10^-9 meters
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent Vacuole
- Cell Wall
Other than storing genetic info, what are the functions of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activities.
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm
- Fluid component of the cell
- Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration.
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Site of the later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced.
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation for protein synthesis.
What is the Plant Cell Wall made up of?
Cellulose.
What is the function of the plant cell wall?
- Provides Strength
- Prevents the cell bursting when water enter via osmosis.
What does the Permanent Vacuole contain?
Cell sap.
(Salts + Sugars + Organic Acids)
What is the function of the Permanent Vacuole?
Supports the cell.
What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis.
Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function
- Haploid nucleus, contains genetic info
- Tail, enables movement
- Mitochondria, provides energy for tail movement
- Acrosome, has enzymes that digests the egg cell membrane
