CELL STRUCTURE

Question 1

What are two types of cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic (bacteria) & Eukaryotic (plants and animals)

Question 2

What are their differences?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cells are much smaller.
Eukaryotic Cells have membrane based organelles and a nucleus.

Question 3

What are Prokaryotic Cell Walls composed of?

Answer 3

Peptidoglycan.

Question 4

How is genetic info stored in a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 4

Found free within cytoplasm as:
Chromosomal DNA (one loop of DNA)
Plasmid DNA

Question 5

What are Plasmids?

Answer 5

Small circular loops of DNA found free in cytoplasm separately from main DNA
Carries genes that provide genetic advantages e.g antibiotic resistance

Question 6

What is The Order of Magnitude?

Answer 6

A power with the base of 10 used to quantify and compare size.

Question 7

What is a centimetre (cm)?

Answer 7

1 x 10^-2 meters

Question 8

What is a millimetre (mm)?

Answer 8

1 x 10^-3 meters

Question 9

What is a micrometer?

Answer 9

1 x 10^-6 meters

Question 10

What is a nanometer (nm)?

Answer 10

1 x 10^-9 meters

Question 11

List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)

Answer 11

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes

Question 12

List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)

Answer 12

• Chloroplasts
• Permanent Vacuole
• Cell Wall

Question 13

Other than storing genetic info, what are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 13

Controls cellular activities.

Question 14

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm

Answer 14

• Fluid component of the cell
• Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients

Question 15

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration.

Question 16

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 16

Controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 17

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 17

Site of the later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced.

Question 18

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Answer 18

Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation for protein synthesis.

Question 19

What is the Plant Cell Wall made up of?

Answer 19

Cellulose.

Question 20

What is the function of the plant cell wall?

Answer 20

• Provides Strength
• Prevents the cell bursting when water enter via osmosis.

Question 21

What does the Permanent Vacuole contain?

Answer 21

Cell sap.
(Salts + Sugars + Organic Acids)

Question 22

What is the function of the Permanent Vacuole?

Answer 22

Supports the cell.

Question 23

What is the function of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 23

Site of photosynthesis.

Question 24

Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function

Answer 24

• Haploid nucleus, contains genetic info
• Tail, enables movement
• Mitochondria, provides energy for tail movement
• Acrosome, has enzymes that digests the egg cell membrane

Question 25

Describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted to their functions

Answer 25

• Long Axon, allows electrical impulses to be transmitted all over the body
• Dendrites, receives impulses from other nerve cells, muscles and glands
• Myelin Sheath, insulates the axon and speeds up transmission