Fruits Flashcards
What are the three types of flowers?
- Simple
- Aggregate
- Multiple
Define simple fruits.
Derived from the ovary of one pistil : from a simple blossom.
What are the three subcategories of simple fruits?
1) Drupes
2) Pomes
3) Citrus fruits
Define aggregate fruits.
Formed by a single flower with many stamens and pistils
Define multiple fruits.
Formed from many flowers and remain together as a single mass
What are the three subcategories of berries?
- True berries
- Pepo
- Hesperidium
Give examples of true berries.
Currants, tomatoes, cranberry, kiwi, banana, graphes, avocado
Give examples of pepo berries.
Curcurbits: hard skin - melon, squash
Give examples of hesperidium berries.
Rind, juicy interior - citrus
What is the difference between animal and plant cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, a vacuole and intercellular air
Compare the primary cell wall and the secondary cell wall.
Primary: thin and contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic substances
Secondary: relatively thick and may contain lignin
Define lignin.
a non carbohydrate material with a chemical
structure derived from benzene (carrots, broccoli, asparagus)
Define cellulose.
indigestible polymer
Define hemicellulose. What is it degraded by?
less polymerized than cellulose (degraded by alkali)
Define pectic substances.
protopectin, pectin
Define intercellular air.
fills empty spaces between cell walls in plants and contributes to volume and crispness and textural differences
What kind of cell are vegetables and fruits composed of?
Parenchyma cells
The cytoplasm of parenchyma cells contains compounds for what?
Starch Content Color
Water Volume Flavor
What are plastids?
Storage organelles for substances (starch and pigments)
Name the 3 plastids.
- Leucoplasts
- Chloroplasts
- Chromoplasts
Define leucoplasts.
Starch and Water Major Digestible Portion
Define chloroplasts.
Chlorophyll Essential for CHO Synthesis Green Color
Define chromoplasts.
Carotene or Xanthophyll Pigments Orange-Yellow Color
What are the components of the parenchyma cells of VEGETABLES?
- Cytoplasm (all parenchyma cells)
- Plastids (all parenchyma cells)
- Vacuoles
- Organic acids