Fruit and Fruit Preparation Flashcards
What is the botanical perspective of fruits?
produced from flowers; ripened ovaries and adjacent tissues
What are the simple fleshy fruits (1O:1F)?
citrus fruits, drupes, bomes
What are drupes?
stone or pit such as peaches and plums
What are pomes?
cores such as apples and pears
What are aggregate fruits (MO:1F)?
raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries
What are multiple fruits (1O:MF)?
pineapple and figs
What are the different ways you can purchase fruits?
fresh, dried, canned, and frozed
How are the fruits packed in the canned fruits?
packed in heavy or light syrup or packed in fruit juice
How can a fruit be sold frozen without getting soggy after being unfrozed?
goes through a process called individually quick frozen (IQF) that prevents this from happening
In dried fruits, what is the water content reduced to?
less than 30%, or 15-18%, or 2.5-5% (vacuum-drying)
What are the methods to dry fruit?
sun-dried, artificial heat, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying
T/F: vitamin C is retained in citrus juices
true
What is added to apple juice to make it clear?
pectinase
how much fruit does the U.S. dietary guidelines recommend?
2 cups daily
What are the top popular fruits?
oranges, apples, grapes, and bananas
What mediates enzymatic oxidative browning in fruits?
polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
how can we prevent browning from happening in fruits?
acid pH, reduce O contact, heat (blanching)
What are examples of climacteric fruit?
apples, avocados, bananas, pears, tomatoes
What are examples of nonclimacteric fruit?
grapes, pineapple, strawberries, citrus fruits
What is ethylene gas?
a ripening hormone
What is the difference between climacteric fruit and non-climacteric fruit?
climacteric has respiration rising at beginning of ripening and non-climacteric has no rise. climacteric also ripens with ethylene and non-climacteric does not
When selecting a fruit what should you take into account?
external appearance, proper stage of ripeness, color, freedom from insect damage, absence of bruises/skin punctures/decay
What fruits should you not refrigerate?
bananas and fruits that must be ripened first
What are different methods to extend storage of fruits?
controlled atmosphere storage (CA), modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and irradiation
What is irradiation?
slow ripening and delay senescence, reduce spoilage organisms
What are the different cooking methods of fruits?
dried fruit, baking, glazing, broiling, sauteing
