FRSC 3100 Trends Flashcards

Question

ANI

Answer 1

ANI is ‘narrow’ in that it is specialized to the function for which it has been developed. Much of the technology running our smartphones, online purchases and social media apps are in fact ANI.

Answer 2

AGI is generally referred to as ‘human-level AI’, because it describes the capacity of a computer that is as smart as a human, a point often referred to as ‘Singularity’.

Answer 3

ASI is the point at which computers possess an intellectual capacity far greater than that of human beings with the capacity for social skills and general knowledge that would increase exponentially over time.

Answer 4

spot cam spot arm spot core spot gxp

Answer 5

NeRFs - Neural Radiance Field SLAM - Simultaneous Location and Mapping Photogrammetry

Answer 6

Blood-spatter Ballistics Height Line of sight arson Accidental reconstruction

Answer 7

Campbell Report - 1996 Bernardo Gaps in investigation Result: MCM Kauffman Report 1998 GP Morin gaps and junk sceince Result: Recommendations Gouge Report 2008 Charles SMith Patholoft Result: Recommendations Hart House Report 2013 Report of multidisciplinary discussion Result Recommendations in standards

Answer 8

Organization of Scientific Area Commitees

Answer 9

Biology SAC Chemistry: Drugs Chemistry: Trace Digital/Multimedia Medicine Physics Crime Scene examination

Answer 10

Studies have shown that certain forensic techniques, such as bite mark analysis and hair microscopy, are unreliable and have led to wrongful convictions. there have been concerns about bias in interpreting forensic evidence, particularly regarding racial and socioeconomic disparities.

Answer 11

it’s when AI systems or algorithms produce systemically prejudiced results that reflect and perpetuate human biases, due to the quality, objectivity and size of the training data used to train them

Answer 12

refers to the costly energy and time required to train AI models

Answer 13

The amount of information you can feed into a generative AI model before it produces an output. The larger the context window, the more information you can add alongside your prompt, giving it new insights or data that it might not have access to through its training or on the open internet.

Answer 14

is the building block of AI upon which AI algorithms and systems are trained and built

Answer 15

A movement that aims to use research and science to solve the most pressing global problems for the net benefit of humanity

Answer 16

Shorthand for graphics processing units — the tiny server chips that enable AI software to run

Answer 17

One of the foremost issues with generative AI models today, where models spit out made-up, false or incorrect answers or facts.

Answer 18

This refers to the actual process of using or powering a trained AI model to generate text, make predictions or identify objects inside photos.

Answer 19

A knowledge graph organizes data from multiple sources and across entities pertaining to a given domain or task (like people, places or events) and forges connections between them.

Answer 20

When AI systems can simultaneously process audio, visual and language data in combination with and in relation to each other.

Answer 21

Retrieval-augmented generation is a technique for improving the quality of the responses of a generative AI model, making its answers more accurate by retrieving information and facts from external sources

Answer 22

A way in which tech companies stress-test AI systems for vulnerabilities before they are made publicly available

Answer 23

Named after the computer scientist Alan Turing, the thought experiment was a way of assessing machine intelligence by measuring whether a computer program could fool a human into believing it was human using a blind on-screen chat.

Answer 24

Analysis Comparison Evaluation Verification

Answer 25

Look at appearance Development medium Pressure

Answer 26

Friction ridge identification

Answer 27

Level 1: ridge flow/ patterns Level 2: Ridge characteristics Level 3 details: Pores edge features

Answer 28

full verification Bench notes completed Signed latent print Signed memo book

Answer 29

Two questions must be answered: Is there agreement between the unknown and known fingerprints Is there sufficient uniqueness to individualize

Answer 30

SWGFAST document 8: When friction ridge detail is examined using the ACE-V methodology, examiners' documentation shall be such that another qualified examiner can determine what was done and interpret the data.

Answer 31

Linear sequential unmasking

Answer 32

Back and fourth between steps

Answer 33

Patterns ridge flow

Answer 34

Coarse ridge features minutuae Points

Answer 35

Poroscopy Edgescopy incipient ridges

Answer 36

Gyro analysis and annotations

Answer 37

A fingerprint annotation system that helps examiners and virtually anyone understand the value of friction ridge evidence System addresses confidence tolerance clarity and weight as assessed by the examiner

Answer 38

Green- high confidence Yellow- moderate Red- low Orange represent only L2D features that have been observed after you have begun to conduct a comparison

Answer 39

Green and yellow l2d is 1 Red l2d is 0.5 Orange l2d is 0.75

Answer 40

Capture Process Analysis Present

Answer 41

1. A laser beam is shone onto a rotating mirror that reflects the beam out towards the area being scanned 2. Through the rotation of the mirror, the beam is distributed in a vertical arc of ~300 degrees 3. Simultaneous to this vertical rotation, the system rotates horizontally to cover a range of 360 degrees 4. The laser beam is reflected back to the scanner by objects and/or surfaces in its path. 5. The beam is recorded as a series of pulses or points as the distances as well as their relative vertical and horizontal angles are determined, recorded and converted into X-Y-Z values. This data is presented in a graphical format in the form of a point cloud that illustrates the spatial qualities of the objects & surfaces that were scanned. 6. At the conclusion of a scan, multiple images of the area scanned are recorded so that specific colour values of individual pixels can be attached to the corresponding individual scan points

Answer 42

UAVs offer aerial perspectives that were once inaccessible, enabling rapid data collection and comprehensive scene analysis. Laser scanning delivers precise point cloud data, facilitating the creation of detailed 3D models crucial for forensic examinations. NeRF technology, driven by deep learning algorithms, synthesizes immersive 3D reconstructions from 2D images, providing unparalleled fidelity in crime scene visualization. Videogrammetry extracts 3D information from video footage, aiding in event reconstruction and spatial analysis.

Answer 43

Before Gen Z, it was called Gen M for media consume . Most children consume over 8 hours of media in a single day Young people growing up today will see more images then anyone else on the planet has ever seen

Answer 44

The average memory/attention span for the notoriously ill-focused goldfish is 9 seconds Recent research shows that people now generally lose concentration after eight seconds This highlights the effects of the digitized lifestyle on the brain

Answer 45

actions→ objects→ pictures→ diagrams → written words→ spoken word

Answer 46

Human Computer Interaction The study of how humans interact with computers

Answer 47

Bad design Sense of self

Answer 48

the belief or theory that human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations, especially by means of science and technology

Answer 49

someone who uses tech to enhance human abilities. Ex; glasses, hearing aids

Answer 50

Framing effect Anchoring effect Recognition and recall Suggestive evidence

Answer 51

drawing different conclusions from the same information Plea Bargaining Rewording your phrases in order for a certain group to agree

Answer 52

The common human tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information presented Example: the speed limit was 45 miles per hour, the defendant was traveling at 65 mph When showing evidence, jury will fixate on the first thing they see Real Estate agents, mattress shopping

Answer 53

Recall is much more difficult than recognition It is easier to recognize a friend than recall their face Identity line-up is very common and better than a sketch People lose 80% of the information by 1 week

Answer 54

The misinformation effect is a very powerful effect

Answer 55

Disruptive technology

Answer 56

Analyis, comparison, evaluation, verification

Answer 57

Traces the descendants of one person

Answer 58

National DNA Databank in Ottawa run by the RCMP Local DNA database at CFS

Answer 59

Issues regarding secondary & tertiary transfer of DNA. Increases issues with collection (cross contamination).

Answer 60

A computer-generated artificial Immersive Environment experienced through sensory stimuli (primarily sights and sounds), in which one's actions may affect what happens in the environment

Answer 61

Perceptual fidelity Feedback fidelity Emotional fidelity

Answer 62

To the visuals of the actual situation (how realistic are the representations), To the task (how accurately is the task modelled and presented), and To the cognitive path (how closely do the mental processes experienced and retained reflect the real-world process)

Answer 63

Virtual interactions that closely mimic the physical world activate the same neural pathways in the brain. I.e. "muscle memory" or State-dependent retention

Answer 64

In VR, learners make decisions just as they would in the real world, and depending on the level of engagement, these decisions can have a direct and immediate positive or negative impact

Answer 65

VR can invoke a sense of presence that creates real emotional and empathic responses. These sensory stimulations trigger the brain in much the same way it reacts to actual situations (whether joy, fear or surprise) to release endorphins, serotonin, and/or dopamine.

Answer 66

Agency along with the Immersive Environment generates Presence which in turn encourages Engagement. Engagement when combined with Fidelity determines the Success of the training process. Thus, a fully engaged student in a high-fidelity environment is more likely to demonstrate a successful learning outcome.

Answer 67

Suspension of Disbelief - believing what is being presented is for the moment real The first steps in immersion and the formation of Presence involve Suspension of Disbelief

Answer 68

to develop a deeper investment in the virtual world, participants need to feel it is persistent and consistent. This in turn creates trust in the system; builds community to encourage social norms, and fosters co-creativity

Answer 69

Immersion is significantly enhanced by a compelling and comprehensive narrative. It contextualizes and helps makes sense of the activity and tasks being encountered.

Answer 70

Content: Off-the-Shelf or In-House/Custom Degrees of Freedom: 3 DoF or 6 DoF Guidance: Implicit or Explicit (self-discovery or directed learning) At all stages, whether planning, selecting, deploying or evaluating, remember prioritize the pedagogy over the technology

Answer 71

VR headsets with 3DoF only have rotational control (yaw, pitch, roll). Ex. subject on a tour bus who can look around but can not interact with the environment or dictate where to go. Best suited when students are in an observer’s role and do not require freedom of movement or interaction with the environment.

Answer 72

VR headsets with 6DoF have both rotational and translation control (vertical, lateral, forward/back). Subjects using a 6DoF system have control over interacting with the scenario (picking up, moving around) and can use haptic technology (touch, aroma etc.) to enhance the experience

Answer 73

studies have shown participants who experience strong embodiment to avatars possessing enhanced positive traits (i.e. strength) may take on and exhibit those characteristics (cycling performance/endurance)

Answer 74

Who – would benefit What – does it excel in Where – can it be provided When – should it be provided & Why

Answer 75

Surgeons who were trained on VR were 29% faster and made 6x fewer errors 83% of VR-trained residents could successfully perform a new procedure whereas o% of traditionally trained students could do the same

Answer 76

Costs Vendor and selling issues Health related issues Technical issues

Answer 77

Rule #1. There is only one Metaverse. Rule #2: The Metaverse is for everyone. Rule #3: Nobody controls the Metaverse. Rule #4: The Metaverse is open. Rule #5: The Metaverse is hardware-independent. Rule #6: The Metaverse is a Network. Rule #7: The Metaverse is the Internet.

Answer 78

Dangerous Impossible Counter productive Expensive

Answer 79

Dangerous - high risk situations (Active shooter) Impossible - Time travel Counter productive - Complex activities requiring repetitive action cycles to experience Expensive - offsite travel

Answer 80

Simply put, the Metaverse is the internet where you can go into it (VR) or it can come out to you (AR).

Answer 81

Metaverse platform XR (Extended reality) AI (Artificial intelligence) Blockchain

Answer 82

a standardized platform that allows participants to seamlessly move between various experiences in a 3D context.

Answer 83

Extended reality 3D, Avatars, Communication, VR/AR/MR, Volumetric Capture, Haptics, Scent, Spatial Audio, Game Engines.

Answer 84

Artificial intelligence Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Simultaneous Location And Mapping (SLAM), Automated Content Creation, Suggestion Algorithms.

Answer 85

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT’s), Cryptocurrency (BTC, HBAR, ETH), Smart Contracts (ETH, HBAR, Distributed Autonomous Organizations (DAO’s), Digital Land, Decentralized Finance (DeFi).

Answer 86

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle