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NYU Film and TV Essentials > From Script to Wrap > Flashcards

From Script to Wrap Flashcards

1
Q

Defined the term pre-production.

A

 The first of three production stages pre-production is the development and planning stage of a production.

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2
Q

What occurs during the pre-production stage?

A

Financing, casting of the Director and cinematography, story board, shooting schedule, and finalizing the screen play.

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3
Q

Define principal photography

A

 It is the production phase during which the bulk of the movie is filmed with actors on set and cameras rolling.

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4
Q

What 5 things does the producer do?

A

The producer buys the rights to a film or concept, hires the needed staff and cast, overseas the budget, participates in the editing in post production, and does the marketing.

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5
Q

What is a table read?

A

A table read is one of the cast, writers, and Director sit and read through the script. It is an opportunity for everyone to hear the story out loud, take notes, and make revisions.

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6
Q

Why would somebody want to do a table read?

A

Table reads are an essential part of the script development process, during which the story is fine tuned and any necessary adjustments are made.

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7
Q

When does a table read typically occur?

A

Towards the end of pre-production.

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8
Q

What is denouement?

A

 Denouement is the final outcome of the story, generally occurring after the climax of the plot. It is often where all the secrets are revealed, and loose ends are tied up.

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9
Q

What is the fourth wall?

A

The fourth wall is an invisible, imagined wall that separates the performance space from the audience. In film, this is generally thought of as the position of the camera.

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10
Q

What are the three phases of production?

A

Pre-production, production, and post.

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11
Q

The three act structure is the narrative model that divides stories into three parts, the beginning the middle and the end. What did Syd Field label these parts?

A

The set up, confrontation, and resolution.

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12
Q

What does Blake Snyder, author of “Save the Cat”, do with the traditional three act structure?

A

He breaks it up into 15 story beats.

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13
Q

What does it mean to break down a script?

A

Breaking down your script, makes you properly list out all of your characters, props costumes, and set needs to identify what and who you need per scene.

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14
Q

Who is typically responsible for breaking down the script

A

A films producer typically does a rough breakdown first.

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15
Q

How do you create a storyboard legend and what is included?

A

A legend should include, at least the following character, costume, props, set dressing and sound. Use an individual colour for each of these.

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16
Q

What is production design responsible for ?

A

Everything inside the frame except for the acting which is the responsibility of the director and lighting which is the responsibility of the DP.

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17
Q

What is the script supervisor, responsible for?

A

The script supervisor oversees the continuity of the motion picture. They are responsible for ensuring that the film can be cut together after shooting has concluded. 

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18
Q

What are the responsibilities of the props department versus the costume department?

A

The line that defines the difference is normally if an actor is wearing some thing it belongs to the costume department, and if an actor is carrying some thing, then that belongs to the prop department. A crossover would be a hand bag. An actor is carrying it, but it typically falls into the costume department

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19
Q

What is the difference between an inside props person and an outside props person?

A

The inside person is dealing with all of the props that are happening in the shoot today. While the outside props person is getting ready the props for tomorrow’s shoot.

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20
Q

What is the responsibility of the production designer?

A

To ensure every physical object in a shot is consistent with the overall visual design and vision of the film.

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21
Q

If you are responsible for ensuring continuity between the passage of time in scenes, and the number of costume changes for a character, what is your role?

A

Script supervisor.

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22
Q

What is a table read?

A

The table read is when the cast, writers, and Director read through the script. It is an opportunity for everyone to hear the story out loud, take notes, and make revisions.

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23
Q

In what phase does a table read occur?

A

Near the end of pre-production.

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24
Q

Why is a table read important?

A

Table reads are an essential part of the script development process, during which the story is fine tuned and other necessary adjustments are made.

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25
What is a shooting script?
It is a key piece in the production of a motion picture. It’s a version of the screenplay that includes detailed, cinematography instructions laid out in the order that they’ll be needed, such as certain camera, shots, props, and locations.
26
Who is responsible for creating the shooting script?
The Director.
27
How does the Director reflect different shooting locations?
Buy numbering the scenes.
28
While pre-visualizing the script, and once the scenes have been numbered, what is the Director responsible to do?
Creating a shooting plan for each scene.
29
What is involved in creating a shooting plan?
The Director will reflect on how she wishes to cover each scene in the project.
30
What does the term “coverage“ mean?
The term coverage refers to the amount and types of shots the Director will need to tell the story adequately in each scene.
31
While creating a shot plan, the Director will mark her script with abbreviations, such as CU, LS, 2S, and OTS. What do these abbreviation stand for?
Close up, long shot, two shots, and over the shoulder.
32
What does it mean when we refer to pace? [Two-part answer.]
We are referring to the rhythm and pace of production, as well as the rhythm, and pace of the story itself.
33
What is dénouement?
It is the final outcome of the story, generally occurring after the climax of the plot. Often it is where all of the secrets are revealed, and Loose Ends are tied up.
34
Usually coming at the end of pre-production, a table read is an opportunity for the cast, writers, and Director to hear the story out loud. What else is accomplished during the read?
Taking notes and making revisions to the screenplay
35
Successful directors are adept at controlling a films pacing, which refers to management of the:
The rhythm of the show, managing audience attention, so that they remain engaged and not bored or distracted.
36
Storyboarding is a great way to…
Pre-visualize your film before you begin shooting.
37
How does the shot list help during the story boarding process?
Using the shop list, will help you identify your key shots and sequences. This is where your attention for storyboarding needs to be focused.
38
Do you need to be a good artist to be a good story border?
No, you can use stick figures to convey the story and scenes that you want to get across. However, some directors end up collaborating with either an individual artist or team of artists to develop their story boards.
39
How do you define a shot?
Is shot is a series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.
40
How is a shot defined?
A shot is defined and usually named according to its size, framing, depth of field, and the camera movement and angles used.
41
What is a fourth wall?
The fourth wall is an invisible, imagined wall that separates the performance space from the audience. In film, this is generally thought of as the position of the camera.
42
What is a wide shot?
 A wide shot is typically used as an establishing shot, which is the first shot in a seen, that orients the audience, and shows them where the action is taking place.
43
What is a medium shot?
It is the most standard and regularly used shot. It gives the audience a general look at what is going on while still letting them know what the focus or subject of the shot is. 
44
What is a medium close up? [MCU]
In cinematography, a medium close-up (MCU) frames the subject from just above the head to just below the chest. A neutral shot, the medium close-up captures the subject’s facial expression and body language while still leaving some background in the frame.
45
What is a close-up?
This kind of shot, draws specific, dramatic attention to a character, object, or space. The subject usually fills the frame. [example of persons, face, a ball and bracket.
46
What is an extreme close-up [ECU?]
This draws attention to a character, object or space. Something specific on any of these objects usually fills the frame. [example of persons, eyes, a spot on a ball]. This often implies one extreme emotion, or seeks to point out specific details.
47
What are five different shot angles?
Eye level, low angle, high angle, Birdseye view, and point of view. [POV]
48
When planning to film a conversation, you always follow the 180° rule, what does that mean?
Once you pick a side to film a conversation, visualize an invisible line along the two actors eye lines. The camera is not allowed to cross that line. This is so that actor A) on the left is always on the left and actor B) on the right is always on the right. If you cross the line, they will be in different places.
49
What is a whip pan or swish pan?
It is an intentional camera rotation along the X axis that is so fast it creates almost a blur. It is used to transition scenes and is useful during editing.
50
If you want your film to have a natural look from a composition perspective, what should you do?
You should have things clearly off-center, keeping in mind the rule of thirds.
51
True or false many cameras allow you to apply a rule of thirds grid on the scene to help with natural composition?
True
52
When framing your shot if you put more space in the direction, people are looking or moving. What is this called?
Looking space or nose room
53
When you join shots of people looking at each other, the direction that they’re looking should line up what is this called?
Eyeline match
54
What is it called when you put the camera on a slant?
Dutch angle
55
What are longshots used for?
Showing people from head to toe. They are good for showing people together and for showing action.
56
Medium long shots are sometimes called three-quarter shots why?
Because that’s how much of the body they include
57
Mid or medium shots show people from what perspective?
They are showing from their hips to head
58
What does a medium close-up show?
The person’s head and shoulders
59
What does a standard close-up show?
The head, and maybe a bit of the shoulders
60
If you’re using a shot that shows the main features of somebody’s face to convey strong emotion like sadness what is the shot called
Big close up
61
If you are showing just part of somebody’s face like the eyes or mouth, what is the shot called?
An extreme close-up
62
True or false if you are changing the shot size, you should usually move the camera to a different position?
True
63
What is diagenetic sound?
Sound that originates from within the video or film's world.
64
What is one of the things that is important about diagenetic sound?
It should have a sense of continuity from shot to shot.
65
What is a wild track?
A recording of dialogue or sound effects on the set of a film but without the camera running.
66
What is a J and L cut?
In a J cut, the next scene's audio plays before the image changes. With L cuts, the audio from the preceding scene carries over, and then the visuals shift
67
There is a set of rules about what to film, where to put the camera, how to frame your shots, and how to edit them together. What is this system called?
What is the Continuity system?
68
What are the 3 main shot elements of the Continuity system and the 6 remaining parts.
Match on action, the establishing shot, shot reverse shot, the 180° rule, Eyeline match, the 30° rule, the point of view shot, cross, cutting, and continuous sound.
69
Define match on action
A match-on action cut is an editing technique where from one shot to another view matches the first shot's action. For example, you could have one character lifting a cup for a sip in one scene and cut to another character drinking out of a cup in the next.
70
What is the establishing shot?
An establishing shot shows the whole scene so you can understand how everything fits together
71
What is shot reverse shot?
A shot-reverse shot starts with a shot of a character, and then cuts to a shot of what or who that character is looking at (the reverse of the angle from the first shot), and finally cuts back to the initial shot to show the character's reaction.
72
What is the 180° rule
When you are filming separate shots, it’s important that the shots seem to be part of the same space. You need to draw an imaginary line down the axis and never film from the other side of the line.
73
In the 180° rule what is the line between the two characters called
The axis of action.
74
Keeping in mind 180° rule what do you do if you need to cross the line for a specific purpose in your film?
You can add a long or wide shot of the whole scene, insert a cutaway, or B roll shot, add a close-up, insert of a detail, or include a shot where the camera itself tracks sideways or moves in an arc across the line.
75
What direction does a main character move within the scene?
The main character moves from left to right and people that are opposing the main character tend to move from right to left.
76
What is the 30° rule?
To avoid distracting jump cuts, the camera position should change by at least 30° between shots.
77
What is a point of view [POV] shot?
It’s simply shows with the character sees.
78
What is cross cutting?
By using a cross cut, you can show things happening in two places at once, by cutting between them.
79
What is another name for cross cutting?
Parallel editing
80
What is the concept of continuous sound?
It is the addition of a continuous background sound or wild track, making the scene seem continuous by using natural or Dyjak sound that carries on from shot to shot.
81
What is the first rule of using a lens properly?
Don’t zoom. Keep your finger off the zoom button while you’re filming. Just use it to set the lens before you start shooting.
82
When talking about lenses what does crop factor mean?
Crop factor means how much smaller the sensor is than a full frame 35 mm still camera frame. So in 18 mm lens on a camera with a cropped factor of 1.6 will have the same field of view as a 29 mm lens on a full frame 35 mm still camera.
83
Provide a definition of depth of field
The depth of field is the distance between the nearest, and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera.
84
What is an aperture?
It is a hole, or an opening in the lens through which light travels.
85
How can you change or adjust the depth of field?
You can adjust depth of field (DOF) in several ways, depending on whether you’re working with a physical camera or digitally in post-production. With a Physical Camera: 1. Aperture (f-stop) – A wider aperture (lower f-number, e.g., f/1.8) creates a shallower DOF (more background blur), while a smaller aperture (higher f-number, e.g., f/11) increases DOF (more in focus). 2. Focal Length – Longer focal lengths (e.g., 85mm or 200mm) compress the background and create a shallower DOF, while wider lenses (e.g., 24mm) naturally have a deeper DOF. 3. Subject Distance – The closer the subject is to the camera, the shallower the DOF. Moving the subject farther away increases the in-focus area. 4. Sensor Size – Larger sensors (e.g., full-frame) produce a shallower DOF compared to smaller sensors (e.g., APS-C or micro four-thirds) at the same aperture and framing.
86
If you’re unsure about the lighting, it’s best to overexpose you’re seeing true or false?
False if you aren’t sure about the exposure, you should underexpose slightly because this is easier to fix during editing than overexposed.
87
What are the three different axis and what are they?
The X axis is movement from left to right the Y axis is movement up and down. The Z axis is movement towards or away from the camera.
88
If somebody tells you to check your shot with ABC DEF what are they asking you to look at?
Angle, background, composition, distance, exposure, and focus.
89
What are the three distinct types of sound in a film?
Dialogue, sound effects and music
90
During principal photography, what is the primary type of sound that we are interested in?
Dialogue
91
What are the three different types of dialogue?
On camera, off screen, and VoiceOver.
92
What is the definition of synchronized sound recording?
Sync sound refers to the sound recorded while the movie is being filmed.
93
 What are the three ways to ensure that audio and video are synchronized correctly?
The clapboard or iconic slate, time code, and scratch audio, which is low quality audio recording simultaneously with the video.
94
If you do not get the sound that you need during principal photography, what do you do?
ADR which stands automated dialogue replacement.
95
What is automated dialogue replacement?
It’s a process of re-recording dialogue by an actor after principal photography has finished.
96
What is an IFB?
It is an interruptible fold back and is a one-way communication system normally involving an earpiece that is worn by talent.
97
I’m trying to decide between a Lavalier and a boom mic, which of the two is typically better?
A Boom mic is more suitable when you need to capture sound from a distance, as it is capable of picking up sound from a greater distance. In contrast, a Lapel mic is designed to capture sound from a closer range, so it's a better choice for recording audio up close
98
In sound recording what is an interference tube?
It enables the microphone to discriminate between on axis, and off axis sounds by forcing each type of sound to arrive at the capsule in a different manner.
99
What is the correct environment to use a shotgun mic with an interference tube?
When capturing exterior footage.
100
What the fuck is a super cardioid small diaphragm condenser?
Also referred to as a pencil microphone it is super sensitive to sound coming in the front and less so at the back.
101
What is a shock mount?
It is the part of a boom mic that allows the microphone to be mounted while absorbing any shocks.
102
What is video Village on a film set?
Simply put it is the area where all of the video monitors are located, and where people tend to gather around.
103
Explain what time code is.
Time code is meta-data that allows for the sinking of video and audio files in post production with ease.
104
I’m trying to deaden sound on a set people use sound blankets what is a simple example of a sound blanket that you could use?
A moving blanket would also work very well as a sound blanket.
105
If you are concerned about interference or intermodulation of your frequencies in terms of sound on your set, what iOS or android app can you use to ensure that your frequencies are compatible?
Freq Finder
106
What is a buttonhole rig when you’re talking about sound?
It’s the placement of a small Lavalier mic, just inside talents buttonhole.
107
What is a paper clip spacer used for?
It is a bent paper clip that is used to prevent clothing noise, particularly from heavy articles of clothing.
108
If a plate being put down on a hard surface creates a sound problem. What could you do with this?
Put a small amount of moleskin on the bottom of the plate to deaden the sound.
109
What does DIT stand for?
Digital imaging technicians
110
What information is contained in a sound report?
They typically contain information like scene, take identifier, file labeling, track labeling, take notes, and metadata information including timecode, sample rate, bit depth, roll number, and contact info.
111
What is room and or world tone?
Room, tone, or world tone is the ambient noise of either the room, or the environment of filming, which is typically captured at the end of principal photography.
112
What is one of the most costly, cumbersome, and problematic statements, made during principal photography?
We will fix it and post.
113
What do you call a microphone that is hidden in the dashboard of a car or somewhere else on sat out of sight of the camera?
A plant, Mic.
114
Who said I did not have time to write you a short letter, so I wrote you a long one?
Mark twain
115
Who is Syd Field?
He is a pioneering figure in Hollywood for screen, writers, producers and storytellers. His 1979 book “screenplay“ served as an instructional guide for some of the worlds most prolific screen writers.
116
Who wrote the 1979 book “screen play”?
Syd Field

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