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Eyelids > from OKAP review > Flashcards

from OKAP review Flashcards

1
Q

most common epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, treatment

A

benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma), complete excision

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2
Q

the most common ocular finding in Parkinson

A

decreased blink

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3
Q

most common primary malignancy of lacrimal sac

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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4
Q

organism responsible for necrotizing fascitis

A

group A streptococcus

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5
Q

Marcus Gunn Jaw winking

A

the pterygoid muscle is synkinetic with the levator muscle

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6
Q

meibomian glands - what type of secretion

A

HOLOCRINE

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7
Q

orbital volume

A

30 cc

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8
Q

orbital widest part

A

1 cm post to orbital rim

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9
Q

orbital shortest wall

A

Floor

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10
Q

orbital lymphoma - most common location

A

Lacrimal gland fossa

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11
Q

orbital lymphoma - vast majority are of which type

A

Mon-Hodgkin B-cell, MALT

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12
Q

orbital lymphoma - how to send biopsy

A

fresh tissue for fluorocytometry

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13
Q

a lymphoprolfierative lesion arising in this peiocular site gives thre highest risk of developing a systemic NHL

A

eyelid

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14
Q

locations of eyelid BCCs - list from most to least common location

A

lower lid, medial canthus, upper lid, lateral canthus

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15
Q

drug for BCC, mechanism, side effect

A

VISMODEGIB, inhibitor of the sonic hedgehog pathway, skin changes, hair loss

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16
Q

malignant melanoma of eyelid - most important prognostic factor for patient survival

A

tumor thickness

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17
Q

oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota) - risk of oveal melanoma

A

1/400

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18
Q

oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota) - risk of oveal melanoma - what % get glaucoma

A

10%

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19
Q

risk of uveal melanoma among general population

A

6 in milion

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20
Q

Epiblepharon

A

pretarsal muscle and skin ride above the eyelid margin to form a horizontal fold of tissue that causes the cilia to assume a vertical position. It can involve either the upper or lower eyelid, but is most commonly seen involving the lower eyelid. Can grow out of it

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21
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

partial or complete fusion of the eyelids by webs of skin

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22
Q

Euryblepharon

A

bilateral horizontal enlargement of the palpebral fissure with vertically shortened eyelids, lateral canthus malpositioning and lateral ectropion

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23
Q

blepharophimosis syndrome - components

A

blepharophimosis, ptosis, telecanthus, epicanthus inversus

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24
Q

Telecanthus

A

increased distance between the medial canthi

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25
Q

fold most prominent along upper eyelid

A

Epicanthus tarsalis

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26
Q

Defect 33% to 50%

A

Lateral canthotomy and semicircular flap

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27
Q

Defect greater than 50% - upper lid

A

Cutler-Beard

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28
Q

Defect greater than 50% - lower lid

A

Hughes flap

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29
Q

How many times TED more common in women

A

6x

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30
Q

TED - most commonly seen ocular finding

A

Lid retraction

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31
Q

Eyelid ca simulation chalazion, why does it look like papillary conjunctivitis? management? tissue gandling/staining

A

SEBACEOUS CELL carcinoma, pagetoid spread (upward spreading). excision with sentinel node bx, fresh tissue, Oil red O stain

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32
Q

SEBACEOUS CELL carcinoma arises from which gland?

A

Meibomian and Zeis

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33
Q

kid, ptosis, superonasal lid fullness with bruise

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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34
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma, derives from

A

undifferentiated pluripotent mesenchymal cells

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35
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

partial or complete fusion of the eyelids by webs of skin

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36
Q

Defect 33% to 50%

A

Lateral canthotomy and semicircular flap

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37
Q

Defect greater than 50% - upper lid

A

Cutler-Beard

38
Q

Defect greater than 50% - lower lid

A

Hughes flap

39
Q

How many times TED more common in women

A

6x

40
Q

TED - most commonly seen ocular finding

A

Lid retraction

41
Q

SEBACEOUS CELL carcinoma arises from which gland?

A

Meibomian and Zeis

42
Q

kid, ptosis, superonasal lid fullness with bruise

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

43
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma, derives from

A

undifferentiated pluripotent mesenchymal cells

44
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma - management

A

chemo and radiation

45
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma - average age

A

8 yo

46
Q

neuroblastoma - average age

A

2 yo

47
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma - stains for cells

A

Desmin

48
Q

Orbital septum arises from

A

PERIOSTEUM

49
Q

Orbital septum fuses where (caucasians) upper lid

A

To levator ~2-5 mm above tarsus

50
Q

Orbital septum fuses where (caucasians) lower lid

A

At inferior border of tarsus

51
Q

Muller’s muscle - inserts where

A

Superior border of Tarsal plate

52
Q

Levator - inserts where

A

inferior one half of the anterior tarsus

53
Q

Which optic nerve segment is most susceptible to injury

A

Intracanalicular

54
Q

Which bone makes up optic canal

A

LESSER wing of the Sphenoid

55
Q

NLD trajectory

A

INFERIORLY, POSTERIORLY, LATERALLY

56
Q

Doing retrobulbar block - which muscle is not affected

A

Superior oblique (outside muscle cone)

57
Q

Structures going through superior orbital fissure (inside nad outside Zinn)

A

Inside Zinn: III, nasociliary n. (V1), VI. Outside: IV, Lacrimal n., Frontal n. (V1), Superior ophthalmic vein

58
Q

Frontal nerve branches into

A

Supraorbital, Supratrochlear

59
Q

Inferior orbital fissure contents

A

Inferior Orbit Gets Infra-Orbital Nerves and VeinZ: IO: inferior ophthalmic vein
G: ganglionic branches from pterygopalatine ganglion to maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
ION: infra-orbital nerve (branch CN V2)
A: infra-orbital artery (branch maxillary artery)
V: infra-orbital vein (drains inferior orbit, communicates with inferior ophthalmic vein, tributary to pterygoid venous plexus)
Z: zygomatic nerve (branch CN V2)

60
Q

Inferior orbital fissure bounds

A

greater wing of sphenoid, inferiorly by maxilla and orbital process of palatine bone and laterally by the zygomatic bone

61
Q

Structures passing through optic canal

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, sympathetics

62
Q

this sinus is directly adjacent to the optic nerve

A

Sphenoid

63
Q

Eyelid venous drainage - MEDIAL PRETARSAL

A

ANGULAR VEIN

64
Q

Eyelid venous drainage - LATERAL PRETARSAL

A

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN

65
Q

Eyelid venous drainage - POST-TARSAL

A

ORBITAL VEINS, DEEP BRANCH OF ANTERIOR FACIAL VEIN, PTERYGOID PLEXUS

66
Q

Orbital septum fuses where (caucasians) upper lid

A

To levator ~2-5 mm above tarsus

67
Q

Orbital septum fuses where (asians) upper lid

A

Between margin and upper border of tarsus (low crease)

68
Q

Minimum amount of skin to leave with blepharoplasty

A

20 mm of skin between the inferior border of the brow and the upper eyelid margin

69
Q

Fat pads of lower eyelid

A

3

70
Q

Fat pads of upper eyelid

A

2: Central (preaponeurotic) and Medial

71
Q

Fat pads and inferior oblique

A

between the Central and Medial

72
Q

3 main causes of involutional entropion

A

Horizontal laxity, Disinsertion of lower eyelid retractors, overriding orbicularis

73
Q

Fat pads of lower eyelid

A

3

74
Q

Fat pads of upper eyelid

A

2: Central (preaponeurotic) and Medial

75
Q

Fat pads and inferior oblique

A

between the Central and Medial

76
Q

3 main causes of involutional entropion, how to corrent

A

Horizontal laxity, Disinsertion of lower eyelid retractors, overriding orbicularis. Lateral tarsal strip with retractors advancement

77
Q

The __ canthus is positioned about _ mm higher than the __ medial canthus

A

lateral 2 mm medail

78
Q

Peripheral arterial arcade - location

A

between Muller’s muscle and levator, and situated just superior to superior tarsal plate

79
Q

Thinnest portion of maxillary bone in orbital floor

A

POSTEROMEDIAL

80
Q

What should you not use intraop?

A

MONOPOLAR CAUTERY

81
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lidocaine

A

Blocks sodium channels

82
Q

What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin

A

inhibits release of Acetylocholin at the neuromuscular junction

83
Q

DCR - which 2 bones are you going through

A

Lacrimal, Maxillary

84
Q

DCR - where should you be entering nasal cavity

A

Middle meatus

85
Q

DCR - 4 weeks post-op

A

Atypical mycobacteria

86
Q

Orbital metastases - most common in MEN and WOMEN

A

Lung, breast

87
Q

most common cause of proptosis in kids

A

orbital cellulitis

88
Q

Lower eyelid structure analogous to leator in upper lid. arises from? inserts where?

A

Capsulopalpebral fascia, arises from Inferior rectus, inserts to lower tarsal border (LL retracction after IR recession)

89
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands - Location

A

Wolfring - Non-marginal tarsal borders. Krause - Fornices (deeper)

90
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands - type of secretion

A

EXOCRINE

91
Q

Epicanthal Folds - involves both upper and lower eyelids

A

Epicanthus palpebralis

92
Q

Epicanthal Folds - fold originates from the brow and follows down to the lacrimal sac

A

Epicanthus superciliaris

Eyelids (7 decks)

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