From lecture 5

Question 1

Three types of manipulations

Answer 1

• Variation of information
• Variations in subject behavior/experience
• Variation of intervention conditions

Question 2

What are two situations that may be examined by assessing the utility of the manipulation check?

Answer 2

• If no differences between groups were found, then the strength of the manipulation could be that culprit
• Manipulation check is used to make sure conditions were distinct

Question 3

Re. manipulation effect and observed effect on outcome (DV), what are the two data patterns that cause interpretive problems?

Answer 3

• We don’t see an effect on the DV, but the manipulation check worked as intended
• There was an effect on the DV, but the manipulation did not work/ remain constant across conditions

Question 4

Strength of case-control design

Answer 4

• Suited to study infrequent conditions (e.g., particular diagnosis)
• Feasible and efficient in terms of cost/resources
• No attrition
• Can study direct influence and moderators
• May match cases and controls to get equivalent groups
• Can generate hypotheses about causal relationships

Question 5

Weaknesses of case-control design

Answer 5

• May not truly est. that the cause preceded effect in time or whether they emerged together
• Causal relations cannot be directly demonstrated
• Possible sources of sample bias, depending on how the “cases” were identified

Question 6

Five types of validity that convey the nature of qualitative research methods

Answer 6

• Descriptive validity
• Interpretive validity
• Theoretical Validity
• Internal validity
• External validity

Question 7

Three basic ethical principles est. in the Belmont Report

Answer 7

• Respect (truly informed consent)
• Beneficence (justifiable risk exposure)
• Justice (societal concerns & scientific merit)

Question 8

Four key characteristics of single-case design

Answer 8

• baseline assessment
• continuous assessment
• stable behavior
• different phases

Question 9

What are the three types of multiple-baseline designs

Answer 9

Individuals, settings, behaviors

Question 10

What are two of the four methods for quantitative data evaluation in a single-case design?

Answer 10

Magnitude (slope/level), rate (latency/mean)