From CSPEN Class Flashcards
A 35-year-old female presents to clinic with diarrhea, weight loss, and abnormal liver function tests. Her PCP also noted that the patient was vitamin D and iron deficient with anemia. On physical examination, the patient has a very pruritic maculopapular rash with vesicular eruptions on her lower legs. An EGD is performed, and a mosaic pattern with nodularity is noted in the second portion of the duodenum. Which of the following is most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?
a.Crohn’s
b.Celiac disease
c.Whipple disease
d.Peptic ulcer disease
b.Celiac disease
A 19-year-old woman with ahx of Crohn’s ileitis since the age of 13 presents for ongoing care. She has been on several medications for Crohn’s disease over the course of her diagnosis. Her disease is isolated to the terminal 30cm of her ileum and ileocecal valve. Despite adequate medication compliance and dosing, her disease remains active. She complains of 4-5 loose, watery stools a day, bloating, and mild abdominal pain. She has a microcytic anemia, signs of fat and lean muscle wasting, and osteopenia. She is determined to have failed medical management and undergoes an ileocecectomy. Which of the following vitamins is she most likely to eventually need to take as a supplement?
a. folate
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin A
d. Vitamin E
b. Vitamin B12
Which of the following characteristics of an initial enteral feeding regimen would be most appropriate for a patient with SBS?
a.fiber-free, energy-dense formula administered via bolus infusion
b.hydrolyzed, elemental formula that is high in MCT
c. isotonic, polymeric, fiber-containing formula administered via continuous gastric infusion
d.semi-elemental, peptide-based formula administered nocturnally
isotonic, polymeric, fiber-containing formula administered via continuous gastric infusion
The first B vitamin deficiency to manifest in people with alcoholism is usually:
a.niacin
b.pantothenic acid
c.B6
d.thiamine
d.thiamine
Which of the following is a benefit of EN compared with parenteral nutrition or no nutrition?
a. maintenance of normal gallbladder function
b. reduced GI bacterial translocation
c. more efficient nutrient metabolism
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
High protein, hypocaloric EN providing 65% to 70% of energy needs, as determined by indirect calorimetry, is recommended for ICU patients with which of the following conditions?
a. malnutrition
b. obesity
c. liver failure
d. acute respiratory distress syndrome
b. obesity
What is the estimated calorie target to achieve for patients with malnutrition within 48-72hours of intubation in the ICU?
a. 65-70% or more of needs
b. 80% or more of needs
c. 100% of needs
d. none of the above
b. 80% or more of needs
Risk factors for aspiration include all of the following except:
a. Malnutrition
b. use of naso-/oro-feeding tube
c. bolus EN feeding
d. supine position
a. Malnutrition
A 55-year-old man presented to the hospital after a traumatic fall from a ladder. Pt is intubated and sedated. SDH and acute renal failure. Nephrology consulted, and starting CVVHD. What type of enteral formula would best meet his needs?
a. A formula restricted in fluid, protein, and electrolytes
b. A formula not restricted in protein but restricted in fluid and electrolytes
c. A formula restricted in fluid but not restricted in protein or electrolytes
d. A formula not restricted in fluid or protein but restricted in electrolytes
c. A formula restricted in fluid but not restricted in protein or electrolytes
A 60-year-old, critically ill patient has been tolerating a standard 1kcal/ml enteral feeding formula well for the past week. She begins having frequent bouts of loose stools, requiring placement of a rectal tube. What should be the clinician’s next suggestion?
a. change to a peptide-based formula
b. determine the cause of diarrhea
c. add pre- and probiotics to the feeding regimen
d. change to a fiber-supplemented formula
b. determine the cause of diarrhea
What should a clinician do when considering the use of enteral formulas marketed for specific disease conditions?
a. Use formulas as indicated by the product manufacturer to meet patient’s needs
b. Use specialty polymeric formulas for all patients
c. Use specialty formulas only when patients exhibit signs and symptoms of intolerance to standard polymeric formulations
d. Evaluate the studies used to support the use of specialty formulas and apply clinical judgment to select the appropriate enteral product for the individual patient.
d. Evaluate the studies used to support the use of specialty formulas and apply clinical judgment to select the appropriate enteral product for the individual patient.
T/F ASPEN routinely recommends the use of elemental formulas for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and short gut syndrome.
false
T/F ASPEN recommends routine elemental and disease-specific formulas be avoided in critically ill patients
true
If a nasoenteric feeding tube cannot be unclogged using water flushes, what is the next most reliable method for unclogging the tube before it is replaced?
a Administer cola through the tube, and let it sit for a few hours
b. Administer Clog Zapper, and flush within 30-60minutes
c.Wait a few hours to see whether the clog dissolves spontaneously
d. Administer a mixture of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate solution, allow it to sit for 1-2hours (or longer), and then flush with warm water
d. Administer a mixture of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate solution, allow it to sit for 1-2hours (or longer), and then flush with warm water
You perform a telephone evaluation of a patient who relates increased redness, pain, and swelling around his existing low-profile gastrostomy tube (G-tube). He has not been seen in the clinic for more than 6 months and, when asked, states that he has been doing quite well on his enteral tube feeds. In fact, the patient states that he has gained over 20 lbs. You would proceed as follows:
a. Congratulate him on gaining the weight and tell him to continue his present tube feeding plan
b. If possible, have him come to clinic or call the clinician managing the tube to rule out buried bumper syndrome
c. Direct him to put some triple antibiotic around the site and call back in a couple of weeks if the discomfort continues
d. Tell him to put hot packs on it, take acetaminophen, and rest for a few days
b. If possible, have him come to clinic or call the clinician managing the tube to rule out buried bumper syndrome
An 18-year-old female patient with cystic fibrosis had a standard-profile, solid internal bolster, 20-French percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placed 1 year ago because of her inability to take in enough energy orally and weight loss. She has done very well, with her weight stabilizing and no complications of the PEG. The original tube is now getting stiff and cracking, and the patient wants a replacement tube. The patient has a very supportive family environment, is very active, and is concerned about the cosmetic appearance of the tube itself. What type of replacement tube would you recommend?
A .Standard-profile, 20-Fr percutaneous G-tube with solid internal bolster
B .Standard-profile, 20-Fr percutaneous G-tube with balloon internal bolster
C .Low-profile, 20-Fr percutaneous G-tube with solid internal bolster
D. Low-profile, 20-Fr percutaneous G-tube with balloon internal bolster
D. Low-profile, 20-Fr percutaneous G-tube with balloon internal bolster
Which of the following actions is most appropriate for enhancing gastric emptying during the administration of EN?
a. Keep the bed in Trendelenburg position
b. Decrease the rate of a continuous feeding infusion, or change from bolus to continuous
c .Switch to an enteral formulation with a higher fat content
d. Switch to an enteral formulation with a higher protein content
b. Decrease the rate of a continuous feeding infusion, or change from bolus to continuous
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action for the management of tube feeding-associated diarrhea?
a. Change to an enteral formulation with fiber
b. Review the patient’s medication administration record to determine whether hyperosmolar agents are being administered.
c. Change to a peptide-based enteral formulation
d. Use an anti-motility agent
b. Review the patient’s medication administration record to determine whether hyperosmolar agents are being administered.
Which of the following methods is not recommended to minimize contamination of enteral feeding formula?
a. Washing hands and donning clean gloves before preparing enteral formula
b. Immediate use of enteral formula from a newly opened container
c. Infusing reconstituted powdered formulas or formulas with added modular components in one bag for up to 8 hours
d. Changing an ‘open’ feeding container every 24hrs
c. Infusing reconstituted powdered formulas or formulas with added modular components in one bag for up to 8 hours (4hrs is correct)
What is the optimal nutrition support for a malnourished patient when enteral nutrition is not feasible for a prolonged period?
a. Central parenteral nutrition
b. Nasogastric enteral tube feedings
c. Postpyloric enteral tube feedings
d. Peripheral parenteral nutrition
a. Central parenteral nutrition
In which patient condition or treatment could PN elicit an improved patient outcome?
a. Cancer chemotherapy
b. Preoperative care of surgery patients with upper GI cancer (when started 7 days prior to Sx)
c. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (not yet proven to show benefit)
d. Critical illness
b. Preoperative care of surgery patients with upper GI cancer (when started 7 days prior to Sx)
Central parenteral nutrition (CPN) is contra-indicated in which of the following conditions?
a. DNR and deemed to warrant comfort measures
b. peritonitis
c. intestinal hemorrhage
d. high-output fistulas
a. DNR and deemed to warrant comfort measures
PN should be discontinued when which of the following criteria are met?
a. A clear liquid diet is ordered
b. Tube feeding is initiated at 10% of goal rate
c. Solid food is well tolerated by mouth
d. Advancement to a regular diet is poorly tolerated
c. Solid food is well tolerated by mouth
What is the nutritional value of the following PN order? 2400 mL with 300 grams dextrose and 90 grams protein in addition to 225 mL 20% IVFE.
What is the osmolarity of this solution?
- 1830 kcal, 90 grams protein, 40 grams fat, 2625 mL
- 2010 kcal, 90 grams protein, 40 grams fat, 2400 mL
- 1830 kcal, 90 grams protein, 45 grams fat, 2625 mL
- 1470 kcal, 90 grams protein, 45 grams fat, 2400 mL
(300x5=1500, 90x10=900 for a total 2400+ some for the electrolytes)
3. 1830 kcal, 90 grams protein, 45 grams fat, 2625 mL
1000mosm/L