Friday - Dick Swingleton - test questions

Question 1

What is the other name for Vitamin C

Answer 1

Ascorbic Acid

Question 2

Clinical Sx for Ascorbic acid deficiency

Answer 2

Impaired wound healing
Bleeding ecchymoses (purpura)
Swollen gums
Anemia
Enlargement and keratosis of hair (Corkscrew)e follicles
Lethargy
Depression

Question 3

What is the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury

Answer 3

When a tissue is deprived of oxygen then reperfused, you can get formation of oxygen radicals.

Xanthine oxidase, which normally reduces NAD+ and degrades purines, reacts with O2 when it is rapidly reperfused into tissues.

you also see an overload of Ca2+ and Na+ levels when the tissue is ischemic, may be a result of low ATP

Question 4

Mechanism of CGD

how do you diagnose

Answer 4

Phagocytes have genetic defects in NADPH oxidase

You are unable to generate superoxides necessary to kill infections

Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test and immunoblotting for Dx

Question 5

What types of organisms are you more susceptible to in CGD and why>?

Answer 5

Catalase positive organisms.

These organisms break down and neutralize their own H2O2 with CATALASE, so they are less susceptible to a buildup of oxidative stress when they are engulfed in a phagosome. (The little oxidative stress that is produced by cells in CGD is not enough to overpower them.)

Question 6

histology of CGD

survival?

Answer 6

Giant cells + caseating necrosis/granulomas

now a days 92% live beyond 8 years

50% live through third decade

Question 7

SOD

Answer 7

Superoxide Dismutase

removes superoxide free radical by converting it into hydrogen peroxide and O2

“primary defense against oxidative stress”

increased by chemicals and hyperbaric O2

**implicated in familial ALS (5-10% of total ALS)