Friday

Question 1

Neuron “Nerve Cell”

Answer 1

Specialized cell in the nervous system that receives and sends messages with electrochemical signals

1. Chemicals stimulate the neuron
2. The neuron creates electricity
3. The neuron releases chemicals

Question 2

Glial Cells

Answer 2

Cells that provide physical support for the neurons to grow on and around (glue)

• 90% if the brain is composed of glial cells

Question 3

Dendrites “Antenna”

Answer 3

Part of neuron, branch-like extensions that receives electrical messages from other cells

Question 4

Soma “Life Support”

Answer 4

The cell body of the neuron responsible to maintain the cell and keep the neuron function (nucleus included)

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

Layer of fatty substance produced by certain glial cells, wraps around the axon to protect the nerve fiber from damage

• Insulating sheath speeds up the neural message

Question 6

Axon “Talker”

Answer 6

Fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings its job is to carry messages out to other cells

Question 7

Synapse “Contact Point”

Answer 7

Meeting point between neurons

-Is a gap at the end of the terminal button

Question 8

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 8

Stores various neurotransmitters (chemicals) that are released at the synapse

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Chemicals in the brain that carry messages from one neuron to another

-There are as many as 100 neurotransmitters and new ones are still being discorvered.

Question 10

Resting State/Resting Period

Answer 10

There is a difference between the charges outside of the cell and inside of the cell (neuron s charged and ready to fire/polarized)

-Waiting for threshold to be reached

Question 11

Step 7. Reuptake

Answer 11

After the neurotransmitters stimulate the receptors on the receiving neuron, the chemicals are taken back up into the sending neuron to be used again

-In other cases, an enzyme destroys the neurotransmitter, breaking it down to be used elsewhere in the brain

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 13

Motor Neurons “Efferent Neurons”

Answer 13

Carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscle fibers throughout the body

Question 14

Sensory Neurons “Afferent Neurons”

Answer 14

Carry information from the nerves to the central nervous system

• Allows us to take in sensory information and sent it to the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Neuroscience “Brain Researchers”

Answer 15

Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary brain science that works closely with other disciplines
-Researchers might look into brain activity with different tools