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Individuals and Groups > Freud > Flashcards

Freud Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main concerns of personality researchers?

A
  • Human nature
  • Organisation of “bits” of people
    • goals, moods etc
  • How you are perceived by others
  • Psychology
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2
Q

What was Freud’s structural model?

A
  • Id
    • the pleasure seeker
  • Ego
    • the decider, development of self-awareness
  • Superego
    • extreme internalionsation of good and bad
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3
Q

What was Freud’s topographical model?

A
  • Conscious
  • -> everything you are conscious of right now
  • Pre-consciousness
  • -> something you can access fairly easily and bring to consciousness
  • Unconscious
  • -> motivated, wants to control what is in the consicousness
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4
Q

What does Freud say about the information we report ourselves?

A
  • because the unconsciousness is MOTIVATED to control what is in the consciousness
    = reports/ beliefs about out own ‘threatening’ behaviours are sometimes wrong
    = validity of self-report
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5
Q

What are the key concepts of personality?

A
  1. Energy
  2. Anxiety - root of the problem
  3. Defence mechanism
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6
Q

What does Freud say about energy being one of the key concepts of personality?

A
  • can only be expressed, blocked, delayed or modified
  • Stems from instincts
  • -> inherited instincts
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7
Q

What are instincts?

A
  • state of excitement (tension)
  • located at various centers in the body
    According to one’s stage of development
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8
Q

What are some inherited instincts?

A
  1. Life instinct (Eros energy)
    - Ego
    - -> self-preservation
    - Sexual (libido energy)
    - -> species preservation aim
  2. Death instinct (Thanatos energy)
    - the aim of all life is death
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9
Q

According to Freud, what is the root of the problem that directs a person’s personality?

A
  • Trauma from when instinct is expressed and is harmful to self
    = anxiety –> reminds them of previous trauma
  • all this can be unconsciously taking place
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10
Q

What is the primary defence mechanism?

A

Repression

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11
Q

What are the 2 different forms of repression?

A
  1. Primary repression
    - unwanted material turned away before reaching awareness
    - leaks into consciousness in disguised ways
  2. After-expulsion
    - unwanted material notices in consciousness
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12
Q

What are highly adaptive defence mechanisms?

A
  • Altruism

- Sublimation

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13
Q

What is altruism like as a defence mechanism?

A
  • seeking pleasure from giving to others what people would themselves like to receive
  • especially the comfort of security
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14
Q

What is sublimation?

A
  • Defence mechanism
  • Satisfying an impulse with a socially acceptable object
  • eg sports w/ aggression
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15
Q

What are some mental inhibiting defence mechanisms?

A
  • Displacement

- Reaction formation

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16
Q

Describe displacement as a defence mechanism

A
  • love or other emotions displace to someone who is “like mum”
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17
Q

What is reaction formation?

A
  • Defence mechanism

- saying/ expression the opposite of what they want to say impulsively

18
Q

What are some disavowal defence mechanisms?

A
  • Denial
  • Projection
  • Rationalisation
19
Q

What is projection?

A
  • defence mechanism
  • something about oneself is threatening to oneself
  • Misattributing feelings onto others
20
Q

What is rationalisation as a defence mechanism?

A
  • finding another way to deal with a fact

- an earthquake? = God’s will

21
Q

What is TMT?

A

Terror management theory

  • any sort of defensive behaviour is stems from being aware of/ fear of death
  • Scrooge Effect
  • -> Being aware of our own death = changes behaviour
22
Q

What is a method for dealing with “terror” of mortality?

A
  • believe in something that can continue without you
    = political movements
    = cultural world views
23
Q

What support the TMT theory?

A
  • people donated more money when asked for outside a grave yard
    = reminded of death - no point of money
    = BUT charity still needs to be relevant to their cultural world views
24
Q

What are the psycho’sexual’ development stages?

A
  1. Oral
    - Birth –> 1
    - early oral: sucking, swallowing
    - late oral: biting, chewing
  2. Anal
    - 1 –> 3
    - Early anal: Pleasure from pooping
    - Late anal: Pleasure from holding poop
  3. Phallic
    - 3 –> 5
    - Beginning of masturbation
    - oedipus complex
  4. Latency
    - 6 –> 12
    - sexual urges remain repressed
    - energy poured into other asexual pursuits = school etc
    - beginning of puberty
  5. Genital
25
Q

What is different about Erkson’s psychosocial stage of development to Freud’s psychosexual stages?

A
  • considers that the stages don’t stop after a certain age and continues into adulthood + old age
26
Q

What is important about identity status during adolescence?

A
  • is the specific time to create their identity

- confronting them/ or not can = certain fixations

27
Q

How does the personality develop according to Freud?

A
  • as they move through the psychosexual stages social rewards/ punishments as they express their instincts result in fixations
  • an interplay between the expression + inhibitions of instincts
28
Q

What is the personality formula?

A

f(p x e)
P = function( person x environment)
- ultimately down to ego

29
Q

What causes someone to develop to develop a resilient personality?

A
  • when ego can satisfy the needs of the id, superego and reality
30
Q

What causes someone to develop an over-controlled personality?

A
  • superego too strong

- rigidly judgemental

31
Q

What are the 2 different oral characteristics?

A
  1. Oral incorporative: Over-indulged
    - optimistic, Gullible, “swallow anything”
  2. Oral Aggressive: Under-indulged
    - Pessimistic, suspicious, “biting remarks”
32
Q

What is the anal triad; Haslam, 2011?

A

adult traits that tells us they have an anal fixation:

  • orderliness
  • obstinacy
  • Parsimony/ miserliness
33
Q

What are the different anal fixation personalities?

A
  1. Anal retentive
    - ‘rigid’ + over-controlled
    - stingy + perfectionist + risk-averse
  2. Anal expulsive
    - ‘sadistic’ + under-controlled
    - messiness, vagueness, disorganise, rebellious
34
Q

What is ego culture?

A
  • one person’s instinct expression can trigger other anxieties
  • people therefore attempt to control other’s instinct expressions thereby causing trauma
  • society codifies such processes
35
Q

What are the different forms of altruism?

A
  • Pseudoaltruism
  • Psychotic altruism
  • Protoaltruism
  • Generative altruism
  • Conflicted altruism
36
Q

What is pseudoaltruism?

A
  • being nice because you “should be” nice

- driven by “scary” feelings = envy/ inadequacy

37
Q

What is psychotic altruism?

A

anxieties promoting neurotic (disorganised) self-perceptions of serving others

38
Q

What is protoaltruism?

A
  • instinctive, biological - parental nurturing
39
Q

What is generative altruism?

A
  • Non-defensive, taking pleasure in helping and/ or enjoying other’s improved welfare
40
Q

What is conflicted altruism?

A

Altruism which is both generative + a defence against anxiety

41
Q

What is an issue with Freud?

A
  • methodologically not good
  • -> small sample, subjectively analysed
  • hard to test = unfalsified
42
Q

What are some good things about freud despite all the criticism?

A
  • Comprehensive since it covers a lot of thing
  • Parsimonious = can explain a lot with a little
  • enduring + generative - despite hostility

Individuals and Groups (6 decks)

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