Freshers Flu Flashcards
What are some symptoms of a common cold?
Blocked or runny nose
Sore throat
Headache
Muscle ache
Cough
Sneezing
Raised temp
Pressure in ears and face
Loss of taste and smell
What are some symptoms of the flu?
Sudden fever (38C plus)
Aching body
Feeling exhausted or tired
Dry cough
Sore throat
Headache
Difficulty sleeping
Loss of appetite
Diarrhoea or tummy pain
Felling to being sick
Cold vs Flu
Cold Flu
- appears gradually - appears quickly w/in hrs
- affects mainly nose and - affects more than nose and
throat throat
- okay to carry on - too unwell to carry on
- most common symptom - most common symptom is a
is a sore throat cough
What are the causative viruses of a cold?
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Influenza virus
Adenovirus
What is the causative virus of the flu?
Influenza virus
What is the causative virus of covid 19?
Coronovirus
What does the rhinovirus interact with?
ICAM1
What does the coronavirus interact with?
ACE 2
What membrane proteins does influenza contain and what do they interact with?
Haemagglutanin
Neuraminidase
—> interact with Salic acid
How does haemagglutanin interact with sialic acid?
Binds to sialic acid on surface of target cell —> allow virus to enter cell
What does haemagglutinin cause on erythrocytes?
Binding results in heamaglutinition —> creates network/lattice of interconnected RBCs and virus particles
How does neuraminidase interact with sialic acid?
A glycoside hydrolase enzyme —> cleaves sialic acid side group from glycoproteins —> allows virus release —> infect other cells
What is antigenic drift?
Natural mutation overtime of a known strain resulting in small genetic changes
How does genetic drift occur?
Viruses genetic material is RNA —> no proofing mechanism
Initially have same antigenic properties
Accumulation eventually gives way to different antigenic material
—> ppl become susceptible again —> loss of immunity and vaccine miss-match
What is antigenic shift?
Abrupt major change in virus
Where does antigenic shift only occur?
Influenza A
How does antigenic shift occur?
Formation of new infkuenza A virus subtype or virus w/ a haemogglutinin or haemgglutinin/neuraminidase combination that has emerged from an animal population
—> so different from the same subtyope in humans most ppl don’t have immunity to new virus
Genetic change confers phenotypic change
2 diff strains affects the same cell —> genetic material combine to produce new progeny
What are some risk factors?
Age
Asthma
Pregnacy
Immune conditions
Stress —> long term stress —> cortisol —> immunosuppressive effect
Over exertion in exercise or sedentary lifestyle
Diet
Lack of sleep
Poor hygiene
Close proximity to many people
Alcohol
Obesity
Co-morbidities/ chronic diseases
People living in long term facilities
What are Zola’s triggers?
- Occurrence of interpersonal crisis
- Perceived interference w/ social or personal relations
- Sanctioning by others
- Perceived interference w/ vocational or physical activity
- Temporalizing —> e.g setting a deadline
What is Helman’s folk model of illness?
Patient considers following questions when faced w/ possible illness:
- What has happened?
- Why has it happend?
- Why has it happened to me?
- Why me?
- What would happen to me if nothing were done about it?
- What should I do about it or to whom should I turn to for further help?
