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Medical Terminology > Frequency Dictionary > Flashcards

Frequency Dictionary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolic

A

Pertaining to metabolism

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2
Q

Diagnostic

A

Relating to or aiding in diagnosis

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3
Q

Prognostic

A

Relating to prognosis (prediction of likely outcome)

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4
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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5
Q

Dysfunction

A

Disturbance, impairment, or abnormality of functioning of an organ

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6
Q

Metabolites

A

Substance produced by metabolism or metabolic process

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7
Q

Polymerase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes polymerization

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8
Q

Catalytic

A

Relating to or effecting catalysis–the causing or accelerating of a chemical change by a the addition of a catalyst

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9
Q

Precision

A

The quality of being sharply or exactly defined

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10
Q

Resection

A

When an entire part of the body is surgically removed; Removal, as of an organ, by cutting; the excision of all or part of an organ or tissue

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11
Q

Polymorphism

A

Ability to exist in many forms

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12
Q

Progenitor

A

a direct anscestor

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13
Q

Dementia

A

severe impairment or loss of intellectual capacity and personality integration, due to the loss of or damage to neurons in the brain.

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14
Q

Intravenous

A

Within, or administered into a vein

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15
Q

Epidermal

A

The outer, protective, nonvascular layer of the skin of vertebrates, covering the dermis.

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16
Q

Microbial

A

Pertaining to a microbe, a microorganism

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17
Q

Antibiotic

A

a substance designed to inhibit or destroy growth of microorganisms

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18
Q

Bilateral

A

two-sided

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19
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Located or placed just beneath skin

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20
Q

Neonatal

A

Of or relating to newborn infant

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21
Q

Endocrine

A

Secreting internally

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22
Q

Aortic

A

Pertaining to the aorta, the main trunk of the arterial system

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23
Q

Transplantation

A

To transfer from one part of the body to another

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24
Q

Epithelium

A

Tissue that covers a surface

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25
Q

Peritoneal

A

The serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds inward to enclose the viscera.

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26
Q

Anatomical

A

concerned with anatomy or dissection

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27
Q

Autophagy

A

The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell.

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28
Q

Progesterone

A

A hormone that prepares the uterus for the fertilized ovum and maintains pregnancy

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29
Q

Epidemic

A

Affecting many persons at same time, extremely prevalent and widespread

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30
Q

Excision

A

When only a portion of a part of the body is surgically removed

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31
Q

Pandemic

A

prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world; epidemic over a large area.

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32
Q

Irradiation

A

The act of exposing to radiation

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33
Q

Transduction

A

The conversion of input energy of one form into output energy of another form

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34
Q

Atrial

A

Relating to the atrium, the upper chamber of the heart

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35
Q

Anesthesia

A

Total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensibility, induced by disease, injury, acupuncture, or an anesthetic, such as chloroform or nitrous oxide.

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36
Q

Endometrial

A

Pertaining to endometrium, the glandular mucous membrane that lines the uterus

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37
Q

Congenital

A

Relating to a condition that is present at birth

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38
Q

Antenatal

A

Occurring before birth

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39
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

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40
Q

Agonist

A

A contracting muscle that is counteracted by an antagonist

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41
Q

Perinatal

A

The period around childbirth

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42
Q

Postnatal

A

Occurring after birth

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43
Q

Neoplastic

A

An abnormal, new growth of tissue; tumor

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44
Q

Bipolar

A

Relating to or having to poles or charges, characterized by opposite extremes

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45
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Pertaining to eukaryote, a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus

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46
Q

Antibacterial

A

Destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria

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47
Q

Prenatal

A

Occurring before birth

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48
Q

Preclinical

A

Of or relating to the period of a disease before the appearance of symptoms.

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49
Q

Periodontal

A

Around a tooth

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50
Q

Dissection

A

The act of dissecting, or cutting apart

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51
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue

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52
Q

Incision

A

A cut or wound made by a sharp instrument

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53
Q

Ectopic

A

out of place

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54
Q

Polymorphic

A

Occurring in several or many forms

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55
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Within the peritoneal cavity

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56
Q

Microvascular

A

pertaining to the portion of the circulatory system that is composed of the capillary network

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57
Q

Autonomic

A

Not subject to voluntary control

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58
Q

Autologous

A

Occurring naturally

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59
Q

Intestine

A

Tubular portion of digestive tract

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60
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood

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61
Q

Inversion

A

A turning inward

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62
Q

Aspiration

A

Inhalation of some foreign material; the act of removing a fluid, as pus or serum, from a cavity of the body, by a hollow needle or trocar connected with a suction syringe

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63
Q

Endemic

A

belonging exclusively or confined to a particular place

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64
Q

Intubation

A

insertion of a tube

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65
Q

Antiviral

A

effective against viruses

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66
Q

Ipsilateral

A

belonging to; occurring on the same side of the body

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67
Q

Adrenal

A

Pertaining to one of the small glands just above each kidney

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68
Q

Percutaneous

A

Pertaining to through the skin; performed through the skin

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69
Q

Intracranial

A

within the cranium

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70
Q

Circumcision

A

The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

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71
Q

Analgesic

A

Relieving pain; no pain

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72
Q

Parametric

A

Relating to the parametrium, or structures immediately adjacent to the uterus

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73
Q

Echocardiography

A

an instrument employing reflected ultrasonic waves to examine the structures and functioning of the heart

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74
Q

Postsynaptic

A

Distal to or occurring beyond a synapse

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75
Q

Microglia

A

Small neuroglial cells of the central nervous system

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76
Q

Respiration

A

the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing

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77
Q

Inoculation

A

Introduction into the body of the causative organism of a disease

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78
Q

Presynaptic

A

Situated or occurring proximal to a synapse

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79
Q

Reductase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reduction

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80
Q

Microtubule

A

a hollow cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most cells, involved in intracellular shape and transport

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81
Q

Unilateral

A

Affecting only one side

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82
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometriosis is a condition in which bits of the tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grow in other parts of the body

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83
Q

Denaturation

A

The change in the usual nature of something

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84
Q

Microglial

A

Pertaining to microglia

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85
Q

Endothelium

A

the layer of epithelial cells that lines the cavities of the heart and of the blood and lymph vessels, and the serous cavities of the body

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86
Q

Ingestion

A

The taking of food, liquids, or other substances into the body by mouth

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87
Q

Antifungal

A

Destructive to the growth of fungi

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88
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Abnormal multiplication of cells

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89
Q

Hypoglycemic

A

Pertaining to hypoglycemia, an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

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90
Q

Prosthesis

A

An artificial substitute for a missing part

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91
Q

Neoplasia

A

The formation and growth of new tissue

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92
Q

Subclinical

A

Denoting the presence of a disease without manifest symptoms; may be an early stage in the evolution of a disease

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93
Q

Reperfusion

A

The restoration of blood flow to an organ or tissue that had its blood supply cut off

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94
Q

Dialysis

A

the diffusion of solute molecules through a semipermeable membrane, normally passing from the side of higher concentration to that of lower; the process by which uric acid and urea are removed from circulating blood by means of a dialyzer

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95
Q

Microbiota

A

A microscopic living organism of an area

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96
Q

Anatomic

A

Pertaining to anatomy or the structures of the organism

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97
Q

Dysplasia

A

An abnormality in development

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98
Q

Ataxia

A

an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some disorders of the central nervous system

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99
Q

Atopic

A

a genetic disposition to develop an allergic reaction

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100
Q

Anatomy

A

the art of separating the parts of an organism in order to ascertain their position, relations, structure, and function

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101
Q

Epileptic

A

Pertaining to or affected with epilepsy, disturbances of the nervous system function resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain

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102
Q

Esophageal

A

Of or pertaining to the esophagus

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103
Q

Endotoxin

A

a toxin contained within the protoplasm of an organism, especially a bacterium, and liberated only at death

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104
Q

Biogenesis

A

The principle that a living organism can only originate from an organism similar to itself

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105
Q

Aetiology

A

Pertaining to etiology, the science dealing with causes of diseases

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106
Q

Hypothalamic

A

Pertaining to the hypothalamus, a region of the brain between the thalamus and midbrain that functions as the main control center for the ANS

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107
Q

Autophagic

A

Related to or pertaining to autophagia (eating or biting of one own’s flesh)

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108
Q

Parasitic

A

Related to or the nature of a parasite (organisms that only grow in or on a living body of a host)

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109
Q

Intrauterine

A

Within the uterus

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110
Q

Inoculum

A

Materials used in inoculation, the Introduction into the body of the causative organism of a disease

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111
Q

Synovium

A

Membrane, a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

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112
Q

Subcortical

A

Beneath the cerebral cortex

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113
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

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114
Q

Biotic

A

Pertaining to living organism

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115
Q

Hypothalamus

A

a region of the brain between the thalamus and midbrain that functions as the main control center for the ANS

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116
Q

Catabolic

A

Pertaining to catabolism (the breakdown in the body of complex chemical compounds to smaller ones)

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117
Q

Abiotic

A

Without life

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118
Q

Antiserum

A

A serum containing antibodies

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119
Q

Parathyroid

A

Near the thyroid gland

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120
Q

Epidural

A

Situated upon or outside the dura mater

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121
Q

Perivascular

A

Around a vessel

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122
Q

Dehydration

A

loss of water

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123
Q

Epithelia

A

The cellular covering of the internal and external surfaces of the body

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124
Q

Intraepithelial

A

With or among the epithelial cells

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125
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Pertaining to a prokaryote, a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and nuclear membrane

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126
Q

Hypertrophic

A

Related to or characterized by hypertrophy–increased organ or tissue development

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127
Q

Polymeric

A

Pertaining to a polymer (a compound formed by the combination of simpler molecules)

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128
Q

Hypotension

A

Decreased or lower blood pressure

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129
Q

Prosthetic

A

Serving as a substitute

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130
Q

Autistic

A

Pertaining to or exhibiting autism

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131
Q

Anticoagulation

A

The prevention of coagulation (clotting)

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132
Q

Ultrasonography

A

a radiologic technique in which deep structures of the body are visualized by recording the reflections (echoes) of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues

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133
Q

Endocytosis

A

The uptake by a cell of material from the environment

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134
Q

Bifurcation

A

A division into two branches

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135
Q

Intravascular

A

Within a vessel

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136
Q

Catalysis

A

The effect that a catalyst exerts on a chemical reaction

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137
Q

Malnutrition

A

Lack of proper nutrition

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138
Q

Encephalopathy

A

A degenerative disease of the brain

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139
Q

Anabolic

A

Referring to anabolism, the building of tissue

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140
Q

Ultrasonic

A

Beyond the audible range

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141
Q

Catabolism

A

The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones

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142
Q

Dismutase

A

any of a group of enzymes that have the ability to catalyze the reaction of two molecules of the same compound to yield two molecules in different oxidation states

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143
Q

Endometrium

A

The mucous membrane lining the uterus

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144
Q

Periodontitis

A

Inflammation of the periodontium, the bone, connective tissue, and gum surrounding and supporting a tooth

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145
Q

Anesthesia

A

No sensitivity to pain

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146
Q

Oxytocin

A

a polypeptide hormone, produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, that stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus

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147
Q

Anhydrous

A

Containing no water

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148
Q

Endocytic

A

A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.

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149
Q

Anastomosis

A

Communication between two tubular organs

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150
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Abnormally high body temperature

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151
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Pertaining to an excess of sugar in the blood

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152
Q

Biphasic

A

Having two phases

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153
Q

Paracrine

A

Relating to, promoted by, or being a substance secreted by a cell and acting on adjacent cells

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154
Q

Intramuscular

A

Within a muscle

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155
Q

Emphysema

A

a condition characterized by air-filled expansions in interstitial or subcutaneous tissues

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156
Q

Autocrine

A

of, relating to, promoted by, or being a substance secreted by a cell and acting on surface receptors of the same cell

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157
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Deficient activity of the thyroid gland

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158
Q

analgesia

A

Insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

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159
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of a synovial membrane

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160
Q

Extravasation

A

The act of extravasating: to force out or cause to escape from a proper vessel or channel

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161
Q

Synergistic

A

Pertaining to synergism: interaction of discrete agencies (as industrial firms), agents (as drugs), or conditions such that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects

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162
Q

Anionic

A

relating to anions, negatively charged ions

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163
Q

Intervertebral

A

situated between vertebrae

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164
Q

Tetracycline

A

chemically related antibiotics

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165
Q

Paralogous

A

Having a similar structure indicating divergence from a common ancestral gene

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166
Q

Endovascular

A

Intravascular; Of or relating to a surgical procedure in which a catheter containing medications or miniature instruments is inserted through the skin into a blood vessel for the treatment of vascular disease

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167
Q

Paralysis

A

complete or partial loss of function especially when involving the power of motion or of sensation in any part of the body

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168
Q

Dysplastic

A

Pertaining to abnormal growth or development

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169
Q

Probiotic

A

a microorganism that when consumed (as in a food or a dietary supplement) maintains or restores beneficial bacteria to the digestive tract; a product or preparation that contains such microorganisms

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170
Q

Eccentric

A

Deviating from an established pattern or form accepted usage or conduct

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171
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

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172
Q

Metachronous

A

Occurring or starting at different times

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173
Q

Esophagus

A

a muscular tube that passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column and behind the left bronchus where it pierces the diaphragm slightly to the left of the middle line and joins the cardiac end of the stomach

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174
Q

Multipolar

A

Having several poles

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175
Q

Incisor

A

A front tooth adapted for cutting

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176
Q

Parenteral

A

Situated or occurring outside the intestines

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177
Q

Incisional

A

Pertaining to or resulting from an incision

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178
Q

Endonuclease

A

an enzyme that breaks down a nucleotide chain into two or more shorter chains by cleaving the internal phosphodiester bonds

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179
Q

Aseptic

A

Preventing or not involving infection

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180
Q

Exocrine

A

Producing, being, or relating to a secretion that is released outside its source

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181
Q

Echocardiographic

A

Pertaining to echocardiography, the use of ultrasound to examine and measure the structure and functioning of the heart and to diagnose abnormalities and disease

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182
Q

Retroviral

A

Pertaining to any of the single-stranded RNV viruses

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183
Q

Exocytosis

A

the release of cellular substances (as secretory products) contained in cell vesicles by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane and subsequent release of the contents to the exterior of the cell

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184
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery

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185
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low boy temperature

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186
Q

Embolism

A

The sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus (an abnormal particle such as an air bubble circulating in the blood)

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187
Q

Athymic

A

Lacking a thymus

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188
Q

Abduction

A

To take away from the boyd

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189
Q

Para-aortic

A

Close to the aorta

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190
Q

Posttraumatic

A

Occurring after or resulting from trauma

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191
Q

Superposition

A

Pertaining to superpose: To place or lay over or above whether in or not in conctact

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192
Q

Perinuclear

A

Surrounding the nucleus of a cel

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193
Q

Pericardial

A

Of, relating to, or affecting the pericardium; situated around the heart

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194
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

Albuminuria characterized by a relatively low rate of urinary excretion

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195
Q

Dystrophin

A

a protein of high molecular weight that is associated with a transmembrane glycoprotein complex of skeletal muscle cells

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196
Q

Extrasynaptic

A

Exterior to a synapse; outside a synaptic terminal

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197
Q

Biotin

A

One of the B vitamins

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198
Q

Submucosal

A

Pertaining to connective tissue just below the mucous membrane

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199
Q

Hemispheric

A

Relating to the hemisphere

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200
Q

Anisotropic

A

Exhibiting properties with different values when measured in different directions

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201
Q

Amorphous

A

Having no definite or recognizable shape

202
Q

Antiangiogenic

A

The prevention or inhibition of angiogenesis

203
Q

Metaplasia

A

Transformation of one tissue into another

204
Q

Mesodermal

A

Pertaining to the middle of three primary germ layers

205
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

206
Q

Restenosis

A

The reoccurrence of stenosis in a blood vessel or heart valve after it has been treated

207
Q

Rehydration

A

To restore fluid to

208
Q

Intranasal

A

Within or administered by way of the nasal structures

209
Q

Intradermal

A

Situated, occurring, or done within the skin

210
Q

Intravesical

A

Situated or occurring within the bladder

211
Q

Atrophic

A

Pertaining to atrophy, the decrease in tissue

212
Q

Prostheses

A

Plural of prosthesis, an artificial device to replace or augment a missing or impaired part of the body

213
Q

Uniaxial

A

Having only one axis

214
Q

Axenic

A

Free from other living organisms

215
Q

Convolution

A

any of the irregular ridges on the surface of the brain and especially of the cerebrum; also called gyrus

216
Q

Anaplastic

A

Reversion of cells to a more primitive or undifferentiated form

217
Q

Endophytic

A

Tending to grow inward into tissues in fingerlike projections from a superficial site of origin

218
Q

Hypoplasia

A

a condition of arrested development in which an organ or part remains below the normal size or in an immature state

219
Q

Hyperplastic

A

An abnormal or unusual increase in the elements composing a tissue

220
Q

Endotracheal

A

Placed within the trachea

221
Q

Non-neoplastic

A

Not being caused by neoplasms, non-cancerous

222
Q

Acyclic

A

Not occurring in periods or cycles

223
Q

Intraperitoneally

A

Situated within or administered by entering the peritoneum

224
Q

Bilaterally

A

Of, related to, or affecting both sides of the body

225
Q

Bioassay

A

determination of the relative strength of a substance (as a drug) by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation

226
Q

Macrovascular

A

Pertaining to the macrovasculature, the portion of the vasculature of the body comprising the larger vessel

227
Q

Intraocular

A

Implanted in, occurring within, or administered by entering the eyeball

228
Q

Extensor

A

A muscle serving to extend a body part

229
Q

Congestion

A

An excessive accumulation especially of blood or mucus

230
Q

Autophagosome

A

a double membrane-bound vesicle that encloses cellular constituents and fuses with lysosomes which digest these cellular constituents during autophagy; does not bud off from preexisting organelles

231
Q

Polycystic

A

Having or involving more than one cyst

232
Q

Peritoneum

A

The smooth transport serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal

233
Q

Astigmatism

A

a defect of an optical system (as a lens) causing rays from a point to fail to meet in a focal point resulting in a blurred and imperfect image

234
Q

Transdermal

A

Relating to, being, or supplying a medication in a form for absorption through the skin into the bloodstream

235
Q

Prothrombin

A

A plasma protein involved in blood coagulation that on activation by factors in the plasma is converted to thrombin

236
Q

Periventricular

A

Situated or occurring around a ventricle especially of the brain

237
Q

Metamorphosis

A

Change of physical form, structure, or substance

238
Q

Microorganism

A

An organism of microscopic size

239
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Presence of excess cholesterol in the blood

240
Q

Endothelin

A

any of several polypeptides consisting of 21 amino acid residues that are produced in various cells and tissues, that play a role in regulating vasomotor activity, cell proliferation, and the production of hormones, and that have been implicated in the development of vascular disease

241
Q

Dystrophic

A

Related to or caused by faulty nutrition

242
Q

Perineural

A

Occurring about or surrounding nervous tissue or a nerve

243
Q

Hypergonadism

A

functional incompetence of the gonads especially in the male with subnormal or impaired production of hormones and germ cells

244
Q

Paroxysmal

A

Related to paroxysms, a sudden attack or spasm

245
Q

Insemination

A

To introduce semen into (the genital tract of a female)

246
Q

Intracerebral

A

Situated within, occurring within, or administered by entering the cerebrum

247
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Impairment of voluntary movements resulting in fragmented or jerky movement

248
Q

Avascular

A

Having few or no blood vessels

249
Q

Apoplipoprotein

A

A protein that combines with a lipid to form a lipoprotein

250
Q

Prolactin

A

A protein hormone that induces and maintains lactation in the postpartum mammalian female

251
Q

Metabolomic

A

Pertaining to the scientif study and analysis of the metabolites produced by a cell, tissue, or organism

252
Q

Perirhinal

A

Near, or surrounding the nose (typically referring to the perirhinal cortex)

253
Q

Insomnia

A

Prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep

254
Q

Epiphyseal

A

Relating to epiphysis, a part or process of a bone that ossifies separately and later becomes ankylosed to the main part of the bone

255
Q

Atrium

A

an anatomical cavity or passage; a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles

256
Q

Symbiotic

A

relating to, characterized by, living in, or resulting from a state of symbiosis, the living together of two dissimilar organisms in more or less intimate association or close union

257
Q

Subarachnoid

A

Situated or occurring under the arachnoid membrane

258
Q

Parasitemia

A

A condition in which parasites are present in the blood

259
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

260
Q

Hyperinsulinemia

A

The presence of excess insulin in the blood

261
Q

Endophyte

A

An organism living within a plant

262
Q

Ischemia-reperfusion

A

the restoration of blood flow to an area that had previously experienced deficient blood flow (a period of ischemia)

263
Q

Retrovirus

A

Single-stranded RNA virus

264
Q

Anastomoses

A

Plural of anastomosis, a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels

265
Q

Involution

A

An inward curvature or penetration; a shrinking or return to a former size

266
Q

Intravaginal

A

Situated within, occurring within, or introduced into the vagina

267
Q

Subchondral

A

Situated beneath cartilage

268
Q

Intramedullary

A

Situated or occurring within the medulla

269
Q

Inspiration

A

The drawing of air into the lungs

270
Q

Biota

A

The living organisms of a region or habitat

271
Q

Endometriotic

A

Pertaining to endometriosis, the growth of endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus

272
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Abnormal absence or suppression of menstruation

273
Q

Subepithelial

A

Situated or occurring below the epithelial layer

274
Q

Dysfunctional

A

Impaired or abnormal functioning

275
Q

Biovar

A

A group of bacterial strains distinguishable from other strains of the same species on the basis of physiologic characters

276
Q

Atopy

A

a genetic disposition to develop an allergic reaction

277
Q

Supraclavicular

A

Situated or occurring above the clavicle

278
Q

Intrahepatic

A

Situated within, occurring within, or originating in the liver

279
Q

Episcleral

A

Situated upon the slerotic coat of the eye

280
Q

Symbiosis

A

the living together of two dissimilar organisms in more or less intimate association or close union

281
Q

Hypothyroid

A

of, relating to, or affected with hypothyroidism, low activity of the thyroid gland

282
Q

Paraspinal

A

Adjacent to the spinal column

283
Q

Epileptogenesis

A

Causing an epileptic seizure

284
Q

Ataxic

A

Pertaining to ataxia, an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some disorders of the central nervous system

285
Q

Neomycin

A

a broad-spectrum highly toxic mixture of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces

286
Q

Intraductal

A

Situated within, occurring within, or introduced into a duct

287
Q

Intercostal

A

Situated or extending between the ribs

288
Q

Protonation

A

The act of adding a proton

289
Q

Parous

A

Having produced offspring

290
Q

Endotoxemia

A

The presence of endotoxins in the blood

291
Q

Trigonal

A

Triangular

292
Q

Transurethral

A

Passing through or being performed by way of the urethra

293
Q

Transposition

A

An act, process, or instance of being transposing or being transposed

294
Q

Ectodermal

A

The outermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo

295
Q

Dysglycemia

A

Abnormality in blood glucose levels

296
Q

Precentral

A

Situated in front of a center or central structure; situated in front of the central sulcus of the brain

297
Q

Postcentral

A

Located behind a center or central structure

298
Q

Intratracheal

A

Occurring within or introduced into the trachea

299
Q

Interfacial

A

A surface forming a common boundary of two bodies, spaces, or phases

300
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having deficient tone or tension

301
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland

302
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Increased sensitivity to pain or enhanced intensity of pain sensation

303
Q

Endobroncial

A

Located within a bronchus

304
Q

Transcranial

A

Passing or performed through the skull

305
Q

Tetrameric

A

A molecule that consists of four separate subunits

306
Q

Suprapubic

A

Situated, occurring, or performed from above the pubis

307
Q

Prothrombotic

A

Tending to favor or promote blood clotting

308
Q

Polymyxin

A

any of several toxic antibiotics obtained from a soil bacterium of the genus Bacillus (B. polymyxa) and active against gram-negative bacteria; antibiotic

309
Q

Pericardium

A

The membranous sac enclosing the heart

310
Q

Transthoracic

A

Performed or made by way of the thoracic cavity

311
Q

Peroneal

A

of, relating to, or located near the fibula

312
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Deficiency of sodium in the blood

313
Q

Progranulin

A

Pleiotropic protein

314
Q

Pericentrin

A

Protein coding gene

315
Q

Mesophilic

A

Growing or thriving best in an intermediate environment

316
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Decreased blood flow through an organ

317
Q

Decalcification

A

The removal of calcium or calcium compounds

318
Q

Endometrioid

A

Microscopically resembling endometrial tissue

319
Q

Catalyses

A

Plural of catalysis, the effect that a catalyst exerts on a chemical reaction

320
Q

Antirheumatic

A

alleviating or preventing rheumatism, conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue

321
Q

Trimeric

A

A polymer formed from three molecules of a monomer

322
Q

Submandibular

A

Of, relating to, situated, or performed in the region below the lower jaw

323
Q

Echocardiogram

A

A visual record made by echocardiography

324
Q

Transcutaneous

A

Passing, entering, or made by penetration through the skin

325
Q

Progestin

A

A synthetic progesterone

326
Q

Procollagen

A

A molecule precursor of collagen

327
Q

Hyperthermic

A

Pertaining to hyperthermia, an elevated body temperature

328
Q

Excisional

A

Pertaining to excision, a surgical removal or resection

329
Q

Epicardial

A

Relating to the epicardium, the visceral part of the pericardium that closely envelopes the heart

330
Q

Seminoma

A

Tumor of the testis

331
Q

Profibrotic

A

Promotes fibrosis, a condition marked by increase of interstitial fibrous tissue

332
Q

Epileptogenic

A

Inducing or tending to induce epilepsy

333
Q

Autoradiography

A

the process of making autoradiographs, an image produced on a photographic film or plate by the radiations from a radioactive substance in an object which is in close contact with the emulsion

334
Q

Antipyretic

A

Preventing, removing, or against a fever

335
Q

Preoral

A

In front of the mouth

336
Q

Premutation

A

A change in a gene that preceded a mutation

337
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Excess uric acid in the blood

338
Q

Eumelanin

A

Black to brown pigment produced by melanin

339
Q

Epigastric

A

Lying upon or over the stomach

340
Q

Antecubital

A

Of or relating to the inner or front surface of the forearm

341
Q

Unipedicular

A

Of or pertaining to a single pedicle (a basal attachment)

342
Q

Prebiotic

A

Of, relating to, or being chemical or environmental precursors of the origin of life

343
Q

Filariasis

A

Infestation with or disease caused by filariae (parasites in the blood)

344
Q

Eutopic

A

Located in the proper place

345
Q

Anhydrase

A

An enzyme promoting a specific dehydration reaction and the reverse hydration reaction

346
Q

Amyotrophic

A

Relating to amyotrophy, atrophy of the muscle

347
Q

Extrahepatic

A

Situated or growing outside the liver

348
Q

Enzootic

A

Peculiar to or constantly present in a locality

349
Q

Degranulation

A

The process of losing granules

350
Q

Catatonia

A

a condition marked by changes in muscle tone or activity associated with a large number of serious mental and physical illnesses

351
Q

Anoxic

A

Hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen) especially of such severity as to result in permanent damage

352
Q

Adrenergic

A

Resembling adrenaline especially in physiological action

353
Q

Suprascapular

A

Situated or occurring superior to the scapula

354
Q

Subdural

A

situated or occurring beneath the dura mater or between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane

355
Q

Parasitoid

A

Resembling a parasite

356
Q

Multimeric

A

A protein containing two or more, same or different, polypeptide chains

357
Q

Macropinocytosis

A

A form of endocytosis in which a large fluid-filled vesicle, or macropinosome, is pinched off from the cell membrane and brought into the interior of the cell

358
Q

Intrathoracic

A

Situated, occurring, or performed within the thorax

359
Q

Interventricular

A

Situated between ventricles

360
Q

Interspinous

A

Lying between the spines

361
Q

Hypoplastic

A

a condition of arrested development in which an organ or part remains below the normal size or in an immature state

362
Q

Dystonia

A

A state of disordered tonicity of tissues (as of muscle)

363
Q

Dysmorphic

A

Pertaining to anatomical malformation

364
Q

Discoloration

A

State of being discolored

365
Q

Subacromial

A

Of, relating to, or affection the subacromial bursa

366
Q

Protomer

A

One of the identical subunits of which an oligomeric protein is composed

367
Q

Mesothelin

A

A protein attached to the cell surface that is thought to have a role in cell-adhesion and possibly in cell-to-cell recognition and signaling

368
Q

Intracortical

A

Situated or occurring within a cortex and especially the cerebral cortex

369
Q

Intracerebroventricular

A

Within the ventricular system of the brain

370
Q

Hemiarthoplasty

A

Replacement of the end of a bone on one side of a joint with a prosthesis

371
Q

Endothelin-1

A

Protein that in humans is encoded by the EDN1 gene

372
Q

Endocardial

A

Situated within the heart

373
Q

Embolic

A

An abnormal particle (as an air bubble) circulating in the blood

374
Q

Disectomy

A

The surgical removal of herniated disc material that presses of a nerve root or the spinal cord

375
Q

Biogenic

A

Produced by living organisms

376
Q

Atrioventricular

A

Of, relating to, or situated between an atrium and ventricle

377
Q

Antiseptic

A

Preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms (as on living tissue)

378
Q

Transbronchial

A

Occurring or performed by way of a bronchus

379
Q

Suprabasal

A

Above a basal layer

380
Q

Neocortical

A

Of or relating to the neocortex (the mammalian cerebral cortex)

381
Q

Invagination

A

The act or process of invaginating, the formation of a gastrula by an infolding of part of the wall of the blastula

382
Q

Exothermic

A

Characterized by or formed with evolution of heat

383
Q

Antihistamine

A

tending to block or counteract the physiological action of histamine (causes dilation of capillaries, contraction of smooth muscle, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion, that is released during allergic reactions)

384
Q

Submucosa

A

A supporting layer of loose connective tissue directly under a mucous membrane

385
Q

Progestogen

A

a naturally occurring or synthetic progestational (preceding pregnancy or gestation) steroid

386
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

An infectious disease especially of young children that is caused by the poliovirus

387
Q

Periosteal

A

Situated around or produced external to bone

388
Q

Paracentral

A

Lying near a center or central part

389
Q

Multinucleation

A

The state of being multinucleate (having many nuclei)

390
Q

Euglycemic

A

Pertaining to a normal level of sugar in the blood

391
Q

Bipedicular

A

Pertaining to two pedicles (feet)

392
Q

Antithrombotic

A

Used against or tending to prevent thrombosis (clotting)

393
Q

Anesthesiologist

A

Physician specializing in anesthesiology

394
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation

395
Q

Sublethal

A

Less than but usually only slightly less than lethal

396
Q

Periosteum

A

the membrane of connective tissue that closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces

397
Q

Metaplastic

A

Related to or produced by metaplasia (transformation of one tissue into another)

398
Q

Exonuclease

A

an enzyme that breaks down a nucleic acid by removing nucleotides one by one from the end of a chain

399
Q

Epizootic

A

an outbreak of disease affecting many animals of one kind at the same time

400
Q

Encephalomyelitis

A

Concurrent inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

401
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of the foot in an upward direction

402
Q

Proangiogenic

A

Promotes angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels)

403
Q

Parasternal

A

Adjacent to the sternum

404
Q

Multiprotein

A

Consisting of several proteins

405
Q

Macroalbuminuria

A

relatively high rate of urinary excretion of albumin typically greater than 300 milligrams per 24-hour period

406
Q

Intraventricular

A

Situated within, occurring within, or administed into a ventricle

407
Q

Hypomorphic

A

Pertaining to a hypomorph (a mutant gene having a similar but weaker effect than the corresponding wild-type gene)

408
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Deficiency of calcium in the blood

409
Q

Extramedullary

A

situated or occurring outside the spinal cord or the medulla oblongata

410
Q

Endocervical

A

Of, relating to, or affecting the endocervix

411
Q

Dyskaryosis

A

abnormality especially of exfoliated cells (as from the uterine cervix) that affects the nucleus but not the cytoplasm

412
Q

Transvaginal

A

Passing through or performed by way of the vagina

413
Q

Supraventricular

A

relating to or being a rhythmic abnormality of the heart caused by impulses originating above the ventricles

414
Q

Sublingual

A

Situated or administered under the tongue

415
Q

Hyperbaric

A

of, relating to, or utilizing greater than normal pressure especially of oxygen

416
Q

Biomimetic

A

relating to or denoting synthetic methods that mimic biochemical processes

417
Q

Biaxial

A

Having two axes

418
Q

Antifibrotic

A

Acting to inhibit or reduce fibrosis (a condition marked by increase of interstitial fibrous tissue)

419
Q

Antiestrogen

A

A substance that can prevent the full expression of estrogen

420
Q

Extravascular

A

Not occurring or contained in blood vessels

421
Q

Extranodal

A

Refers to an area or organ outside of the lymph nodes

422
Q

Euglycemia

A

A normal level of sugar in the blood

423
Q

Endodontic

A

Pertaining to a branch of dentistry concerned with diseases of the pulp

424
Q

Endochondral

A

relating to, formed by, or being ossification that takes place from centers arising in cartilage and involves deposition of lime salts in the cartilage matrix followed by secondary absorption and replacement by true bony tissue

425
Q

Emboli

A

Plural of embolus, an abnormal particle (as an air bubble) circulating in the blood

426
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

A disease of the nerves

427
Q

Microangiopathy

A

A disease of very fine blood vessels

428
Q

Intragastric

A

Situated or occurring within the stomach

429
Q

Hypofunction

A

decreased or insufficient function especially of an endocrine gland

430
Q

Hypertonic

A

Exhibiting excessive tone or tension

431
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Hypertrophy of the stratum corneum layer of the skin

432
Q

Extragenital

A

Situated or originating outside the genital region or organs

433
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid function

434
Q

Distension

A

the act of distending or the state of being distended especially unduly or abnormally

435
Q

Polyoma

A

A virus that can infect many types of tumors

436
Q

Metacarpal

A

Relating to the metacarpus

437
Q

Intramyocardial

A

situated within, occurring within, or administered by entering the myocardium

438
Q

Concavity

A

A concave surface or space (hollowed or rounded inward)

439
Q

Atrichoblast

A

A root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair

440
Q

Antiandrogenic

A

a substance that tends to inhibit the production, activity, or effects of a male sex hormone

441
Q

Anogenital

A

Of, relating to, or involving the genital organs and the anus

442
Q

Transluminal

A

Passing across or performed by way of a lumen

443
Q

Juxtamedullary

A

Situated or occurring near the edge of the medulla of the kidney

444
Q

Intrathecal

A

introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord

445
Q

Endodermal

A

the innermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo that is the source of the epithelium of the digestive tract and its derivatives and of the lower respiratory tract

446
Q

Dystocia

A

Slow or difficult labor or delivery

447
Q

Aplastic

A

Not exhibiting growth or change in structure

448
Q

Subventricular

A

Describing the part of the adult mammalian brain containing the neural stem cells

449
Q

Polyandrous

A

Pertaining to polyandry–the state or practice of mating with more than one male

450
Q

Interscapular

A

Of, relating to, situated in, or occurring in the region between the scapulae

451
Q

Esophagectomy

A

Excision of part of the esophagus

452
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

The presence of excess calcium in the blood

453
Q

Extubation

A

The removal of a tube especially from the larynx after intubation

454
Q

Extraperitoneal

A

Located or taking place outside the peritoneal cavity

455
Q

Extracorporeal

A

Occurring or based outside the living body

456
Q

Epidermoid

A

Resembling epidermis cells

457
Q

Decubitus

A

A position assumed in lying down

458
Q

Antimycobacterial

A

Acting, used, or effective against myobacteria

459
Q

Agonistic

A

of, relating to, or being aggressive or defensive social interaction (as fighting, fleeing, or submitting) between individuals usually of the same species

460
Q

Transesophageal

A

Passing through or performed by way of the esophagus

461
Q

Preadipocyte

A

An undifferentiated fibroblast that can be stimulated to form an adipocyte

462
Q

Parasitism

A

The behavior of a parasite

463
Q

Paraesophageal

A

Adjacent to the esophagus

464
Q

Metagenomic

A

Pertaining to the metagenomics, the study of the structure and function of nucleotide sequences isolated directly from an environmental sample, especially of a community of microorganisms

465
Q

Interdental

A

Situated or intended for use between the teeth

466
Q

Hypotonia

A

Abnormally low pressure of the intraocular fluid

467
Q

Hyperuricemic

A

Excess uric acid in the blood

468
Q

Hemizygous

A

Having or characterized by one or more genes (as in a genetic deficiency or in an X chromosome paired with a Y chromosome) that have no allelic counterparts

469
Q

Extrathyroidal

A

Outside or not involving the thyroid gland

470
Q

Extracranial

A

Situated or occurring outside the cranium

471
Q

Eutrophia

A

A state of normal nourishment and growth

472
Q

Enzymic

A

Of, relating to, or produced by an enzyme

473
Q

Ectomycorrhizal

A

Pertaining to the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a plant, as is found in the majority of vascular plants

474
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system

475
Q

Transsternal

A

Throught the sternum

476
Q

Transconjunctival

A

Across or through the conjunctiva

477
Q

Subchronic

A

Or moderate or intermediate duration

478
Q

Provirus

A

a form of a virus that is integrated into the genetic material of a host cell and by replicating with it can be transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis

479
Q

Perianal

A

Of, relating to, occurring in, or being the tissues surrounding the anus

480
Q

Intraspinal

A

Situated within, occurring within, or introduced into the spinal column and especially the vertebral canal

481
Q

Inocula

A

Material used for inoculation (the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies)

482
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

The presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood

483
Q

Auricle

A

An angular or ear-shaped anatomical lobe or process, an atrium of the heart

484
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the expanded lung

485
Q

Agalactiae

A

Absence or failure of secretion of milk

486
Q

unipolar

A

Having or orienting in respect to a single pole

487
Q

Synergic

A

Working together

488
Q

Polyarthritis

A

Arthrtis involving two or more joints

489
Q

Peridontium

A

The supporting structures of the teeth

490
Q

Paranasal

A

Adjacent to the nasal cavities

491
Q

Intracoronary

A

Situated within, occurring within, or administered by entering the heart

492
Q

Intraabdominal

A

Situated within, occurring within, or administed by entering the abdomen

493
Q

Induration

A

A hardened mass or formation

494
Q

Extrapulmonary

A

Situated or occurring outside the lungs

495
Q

Exophytic

A

Tending to grow outward beyond the surface epithelium from which it originates– Used of tumors

496
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

497
Q

Bisection

A

To divide into two parts

498
Q

Anabolism

A

The constructive part of metabolism concerned with macromolecular synthesis

499
Q

Adduction

A

The act of adducting, to draw toward

500
Q

Syntaxin-1

A

A plasma membrane protein essential for synaptic vesicle fusion

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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