French Revolution Test Flashcards
Estates General
French representative body made up of the clergy, nobility, and everyone else.
Abbe’ Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes
Wrote - What is the Third Estate?
What is the Third Estate?
argued that the nobility was a tiny, over-privileged minority and that the third estate constituted the true strength of the French nation.
National Assembly
Group made up of the third estate when they were shut out of the Estates General. They took the tennis court oath and said they wouldn’t leave until they made a constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
Wouldn’t leave until they made a new constitution and were recognized as an assembly.
Bastille
Huge prison and weapons holding. Citizens stormed the Bastille and got weapons which showed they took the side of the National Assembly.
Great Fear
a
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
guaranteed equality before law, representative government for a sovereign people, and individual freedom. (Made by National Assembly)
Olympe de Gouges
Wrote the declaration of the rights of women. Was denied
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
It gave the power of the Catholic Church to the government
Edmund Burke
wrote “on the Revolutions of France”
Founder on Conversatism.
Thought a parliamentary body should be independent and representative for the entire society.
on the Revolutions of France
defended inherited privileges. He glorified Britain’s unrepresentative Parliament and predicted the reform would only lead to tyranny and chaos
Mary Wollstonecraft
wrote “A Vindication” and also “…on the Rights of Woman”
A Vindication of the Rights of Man
rebuttal to Edmund Burke
Declaration of Pillnitz
Austria and Prussia wrote this saying they would intervene in France to restore Louis XVI’s rule if necessary. This backfired
The French Revolution was fueled by the ideas from the
Age of Enlightenment
Why did many not equate representative government with equality?
Because the peasants weren’t represented in the government
“Stake in Society” principle
The men owning land should be the ones who can be elected to be representatives
Connection between the American revolution and French Revolution
The American Revolution was the ideal example of what the French Revolution wanted. France also helped fuel America because of a disagreement with England.
What “legislative” action did the National Assembly make on the night of August 4th, 1789?
The March on Versailles happened which forced the royal family to move back to Paris
What event in June of 1791 made it clear the revolution needed more action?
The royal family tried to escape which led the revolution to believe they were going to get foreign armies to invade.
Jacobin Club
political group made up of younger middle classmen. They later split up into the two groups in the Revolution. Girondists and the Mountain.
September Massacres
When the king was imprisoned and enemy armies were marching, the revolutionaries killed everyone that might have been on their side and join their fight.
National Convention
Replaced the Legislative Assembly. Declared France a republic. (Conviced Louis XIV of treason. Made up of Jacobins)
Girondists
Part of the National Convention’s Jacobins who didn’t want the king killed and were more conservative.
The Mountain
led by Robespierre and Daton. Wanted the king dead. Were the revolutionaries.
Maximillien Robespierre
leader of the Mountain and committee of public safety.
George Danton
lawyer, other leader of the Mountain. Killed by Robespierre later because he didn’t want to continue the Great Fear
Marie Antoinette
Also killed by the Mountain, wife of Louis XIV
Battle of Valmy
Where France stopped Prussia and then invaded Savoy, Nice, the German Rhineland, and all of the Austrian Netherlands
Sans-Culottes
Poorer members of France who were more radical and called for more death. The Mountain teamed up with them and arrested Girondists. Allowed the Mountain to have full power
Committee of Public Safety
Dictatorship led by Robespierre.
Reign of Terror
Enforced revolutionary beliefs and practices. Special courts for Robespierre tried “enemies of the nation” for political crimes. This was a weapon for all opposing the revolution.
De-Christianization
Aimed to eliminate Catholic symbols and beliefs. Robespierre called for a halt to this after a while because of hostility. He enforced a new king of religion “the cult of the supreme being”
Thermidorian Reaction
when the moderates took back the power and executed Robespierre. They abolished many economic controls and restricted groups led by the Sans-Colette
Directory
The head of the New Assembly- made of 5 men so someone like Robespierre wouldn’t control again,
Coup d’etat
Quick overthrow of a government. In this case it was Napoleon throwing over the Directory.
What two German powers went to war with France?
Austria and Russia
Who wrote “The People’s Friend”
Jean Paul Marat
Where was Napoleon born?
Corsica
Abbe Sieyes wanted what for France?
a strong government with a people to follow it
Napoleonic Code
reasserted the equality of all male citizens before the law, and security of wealth and private property.
emigres
royalist refugees of the French Revolution. Napoleon granted them amnesty, and many returned to France.
How did Napoleon rise to power?
The people were growing restless with the directors, the legislative was planning an upheaval, Napoleon was already a hero.
Concordat of 1801
Signed by Napoleon and the Pope stating French Catholics could practice freely but the government now controlled the Church.
How did Napoleon appeal to both sides of the spectrum?
q
What allowed Napoleon to become emperor?
The warlike time period which made the people need him to lead them.
Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon lost to the British navy- made Britain supreme naval power and Napoleon unable to invade Britain.
Three Coalitions
1) response to revolution, revolution wins
2) Response to Napoleon invading Egypt. Napoleon wins
3) In response to Napoleon becoming emperor.
5 Great Powers
France, Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia
Three plebiscites
1799- coup d’etat
1802- made himself sole consul
1804- made himself emperor
Alexander I
of Russia, defeated at Battle of Austerlitz which caused third coalition to collapse. After many battles later, he was ready to negotiate and said they wouldn’t mess with his Western Europe and did a blockade of British goods.
Confederation of the Rhine
The union of 15 German States (Holy Roman Empire abolished) and Napoleon named himself “protector” of the confederation.
Battle of Jena and Auerstadt
Prussia was concerned by the Confederation of the Rhine and went to war against Napoleon. They lost the battles and Prussia lost half of it’s population.
Treaty of Tilsit
After battles of Jena and Auerstadt- Prussia lost half its popuation, Russia agreed western Europe was Napoleons, east was theirs. they would also have a blockade of British goods. This was under Alexander I.
Grand Empire
Three parts- core being France, second dependent satellite kingdoms, third the allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Napoleon saw himself as emperor of all three.
Continental System
a blockade in which no ship coming from Britain or her colonies could dock at a port controlled by the French.
How did the Grand Empire effect people?
If abolished fuedal dues and serfdom to the benefit of lower and middle class. He did have heavy taxes for his military.
guerrilla warfare
Spanish used it against the French and won with it
Battle of Borodino
When Napoleon invaded Russia. Because Russia openly disliked the British embargo. The battle was a draw.
Klemens von Metternich
Austrian foreign minister. Suggested to Napoleon to make France it’s historical size. Napoleon refused.
Treaty of Chaumont
When Napoleon refused to make France smaller again, Austria and Prussia joined Britain and Russia. They pledged to take down the emperor.
Elba
Where Napoleon was banished after abdicating the throne.
Louis XVIII
Foreign powers put him back in power after sending Napoleon to Elba.
Constitutional Charter
Established a constitutional monarchy w a bicameral parliament.
Hundred Days
The time period between when Napoleon escaped from Elba to when he abdicated it the second time.
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon lost which ended his hundred days.
St. Helena
After he lost Battle of Waterloo they sent him here where he died.
