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AP Euro > French Revolution Test > Flashcards

French Revolution Test Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Estates General

A

French representative body made up of the clergy, nobility, and everyone else.

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2
Q

Abbe’ Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes

A

Wrote - What is the Third Estate?

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3
Q

What is the Third Estate?

A

argued that the nobility was a tiny, over-privileged minority and that the third estate constituted the true strength of the French nation.

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4
Q

National Assembly

A

Group made up of the third estate when they were shut out of the Estates General. They took the tennis court oath and said they wouldn’t leave until they made a constitution.

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5
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

Wouldn’t leave until they made a new constitution and were recognized as an assembly.

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6
Q

Bastille

A

Huge prison and weapons holding. Citizens stormed the Bastille and got weapons which showed they took the side of the National Assembly.

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7
Q

Great Fear

A

a

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8
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A

guaranteed equality before law, representative government for a sovereign people, and individual freedom. (Made by National Assembly)

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9
Q

Olympe de Gouges

A

Wrote the declaration of the rights of women. Was denied

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10
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

It gave the power of the Catholic Church to the government

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11
Q

Edmund Burke

A

wrote “on the Revolutions of France”
Founder on Conversatism.
Thought a parliamentary body should be independent and representative for the entire society.

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12
Q

on the Revolutions of France

A

defended inherited privileges. He glorified Britain’s unrepresentative Parliament and predicted the reform would only lead to tyranny and chaos

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13
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

wrote “A Vindication” and also “…on the Rights of Woman”

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14
Q

A Vindication of the Rights of Man

A

rebuttal to Edmund Burke

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15
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Austria and Prussia wrote this saying they would intervene in France to restore Louis XVI’s rule if necessary. This backfired

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16
Q

The French Revolution was fueled by the ideas from the

A

Age of Enlightenment

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17
Q

Why did many not equate representative government with equality?

A

Because the peasants weren’t represented in the government

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18
Q

“Stake in Society” principle

A

The men owning land should be the ones who can be elected to be representatives

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19
Q

Connection between the American revolution and French Revolution

A

The American Revolution was the ideal example of what the French Revolution wanted. France also helped fuel America because of a disagreement with England.

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20
Q

What “legislative” action did the National Assembly make on the night of August 4th, 1789?

A

The March on Versailles happened which forced the royal family to move back to Paris

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21
Q

What event in June of 1791 made it clear the revolution needed more action?

A

The royal family tried to escape which led the revolution to believe they were going to get foreign armies to invade.

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22
Q

Jacobin Club

A

political group made up of younger middle classmen. They later split up into the two groups in the Revolution. Girondists and the Mountain.

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23
Q

September Massacres

A

When the king was imprisoned and enemy armies were marching, the revolutionaries killed everyone that might have been on their side and join their fight.

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24
Q

National Convention

A

Replaced the Legislative Assembly. Declared France a republic. (Conviced Louis XIV of treason. Made up of Jacobins)

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25
Q

Girondists

A

Part of the National Convention’s Jacobins who didn’t want the king killed and were more conservative.

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26
Q

The Mountain

A

led by Robespierre and Daton. Wanted the king dead. Were the revolutionaries.

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27
Q

Maximillien Robespierre

A

leader of the Mountain and committee of public safety.

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28
Q

George Danton

A

lawyer, other leader of the Mountain. Killed by Robespierre later because he didn’t want to continue the Great Fear

29
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

Also killed by the Mountain, wife of Louis XIV

30
Q

Battle of Valmy

A

Where France stopped Prussia and then invaded Savoy, Nice, the German Rhineland, and all of the Austrian Netherlands

31
Q

Sans-Culottes

A

Poorer members of France who were more radical and called for more death. The Mountain teamed up with them and arrested Girondists. Allowed the Mountain to have full power

32
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

Dictatorship led by Robespierre.

33
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Enforced revolutionary beliefs and practices. Special courts for Robespierre tried “enemies of the nation” for political crimes. This was a weapon for all opposing the revolution.

34
Q

De-Christianization

A

Aimed to eliminate Catholic symbols and beliefs. Robespierre called for a halt to this after a while because of hostility. He enforced a new king of religion “the cult of the supreme being”

35
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A

when the moderates took back the power and executed Robespierre. They abolished many economic controls and restricted groups led by the Sans-Colette

36
Q

Directory

A

The head of the New Assembly- made of 5 men so someone like Robespierre wouldn’t control again,

37
Q

Coup d’etat

A

Quick overthrow of a government. In this case it was Napoleon throwing over the Directory.

38
Q

What two German powers went to war with France?

A

Austria and Russia

39
Q

Who wrote “The People’s Friend”

A

Jean Paul Marat

40
Q

Where was Napoleon born?

A

Corsica

41
Q

Abbe Sieyes wanted what for France?

A

a strong government with a people to follow it

42
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

reasserted the equality of all male citizens before the law, and security of wealth and private property.

43
Q

emigres

A

royalist refugees of the French Revolution. Napoleon granted them amnesty, and many returned to France.

44
Q

How did Napoleon rise to power?

A

The people were growing restless with the directors, the legislative was planning an upheaval, Napoleon was already a hero.

45
Q

Concordat of 1801

A

Signed by Napoleon and the Pope stating French Catholics could practice freely but the government now controlled the Church.

46
Q

How did Napoleon appeal to both sides of the spectrum?

A

q

47
Q

What allowed Napoleon to become emperor?

A

The warlike time period which made the people need him to lead them.

48
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

Napoleon lost to the British navy- made Britain supreme naval power and Napoleon unable to invade Britain.

49
Q

Three Coalitions

A

1) response to revolution, revolution wins
2) Response to Napoleon invading Egypt. Napoleon wins
3) In response to Napoleon becoming emperor.

50
Q

5 Great Powers

A

France, Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia

51
Q

Three plebiscites

A

1799- coup d’etat
1802- made himself sole consul
1804- made himself emperor

52
Q

Alexander I

A

of Russia, defeated at Battle of Austerlitz which caused third coalition to collapse. After many battles later, he was ready to negotiate and said they wouldn’t mess with his Western Europe and did a blockade of British goods.

53
Q

Confederation of the Rhine

A

The union of 15 German States (Holy Roman Empire abolished) and Napoleon named himself “protector” of the confederation.

54
Q

Battle of Jena and Auerstadt

A

Prussia was concerned by the Confederation of the Rhine and went to war against Napoleon. They lost the battles and Prussia lost half of it’s population.

55
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

After battles of Jena and Auerstadt- Prussia lost half its popuation, Russia agreed western Europe was Napoleons, east was theirs. they would also have a blockade of British goods. This was under Alexander I.

56
Q

Grand Empire

A

Three parts- core being France, second dependent satellite kingdoms, third the allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Napoleon saw himself as emperor of all three.

57
Q

Continental System

A

a blockade in which no ship coming from Britain or her colonies could dock at a port controlled by the French.

58
Q

How did the Grand Empire effect people?

A

If abolished fuedal dues and serfdom to the benefit of lower and middle class. He did have heavy taxes for his military.

59
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

Spanish used it against the French and won with it

60
Q

Battle of Borodino

A

When Napoleon invaded Russia. Because Russia openly disliked the British embargo. The battle was a draw.

61
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

Austrian foreign minister. Suggested to Napoleon to make France it’s historical size. Napoleon refused.

62
Q

Treaty of Chaumont

A

When Napoleon refused to make France smaller again, Austria and Prussia joined Britain and Russia. They pledged to take down the emperor.

63
Q

Elba

A

Where Napoleon was banished after abdicating the throne.

64
Q

Louis XVIII

A

Foreign powers put him back in power after sending Napoleon to Elba.

65
Q

Constitutional Charter

A

Established a constitutional monarchy w a bicameral parliament.

66
Q

Hundred Days

A

The time period between when Napoleon escaped from Elba to when he abdicated it the second time.

67
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon lost which ended his hundred days.

68
Q

St. Helena

A

After he lost Battle of Waterloo they sent him here where he died.

AP Euro (8 decks)

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